Gabay sa Grammar

Ano ito?

Ang mga superlative adjective ay ginagamit upang ihambing ang isang tao, bagay, lugar, o sitwasyon sa lahat ng iba pa sa isang grupo.

Ipinapakita nila ang pinakamataas o pinakamababang antas ng isang katangian.

Sa Ingles, ang mga superlative adjective ay karaniwang gumagamit ng definite article na the.

• tall → the tallest
• fast → the fastest
• beautiful → the most beautiful
• expensive → the most expensive

Mga karaniwang anyo:

Kailan gamitin

Gumamit ng superlative adjective kapag inihahambing ang isang tao o bagay sa isang buong grupo.

• Emma is the tallest student in the class.
• This is the cheapest phone in the store.

Gumamit ng superlative upang ilarawan ang pinakamataas na antas ng isang katangian.

• It is the hottest day of the week.
• He is the fastest runner on the team.

Gumamit ng the most + adjective sa maraming mas mahabang adjective.

• This is the most interesting book here.
• That is the most expensive restaurant in town.

Gumamit ng the least + adjective para sa pinakamababang antas ng isang katangian.

• This is the least difficult exercise.
• It is the least expensive option.

Estruktura

Para sa maraming maiikling adjective, idagdag ang -est.

Subject + be + the + adjective-est + noun/complement

• tall → the tallest
• small → the smallest
• fast → the fastest

Halimbawa:

Leo is the tallest student in the class.

Kung ang adjective ay nagtatapos sa -e, idagdag lamang ang -st.

• nice → the nicest
• large → the largest

Kung ang maikling adjective ay nagtatapos sa isang vowel + isang consonant, ang huling consonant ay madalas na dinodoble.

• big → the biggest
• hot → the hottest

Kung ang adjective ay nagtatapos sa consonant + -y, palitan ang y ng i at idagdag ang -est.

• happy → the happiest
• easy → the easiest

Para sa maraming mas mahabang adjective, gamitin ang the most.

Subject + be + the most + adjective + noun/complement

• the most beautiful
• the most comfortable
• the most important

Halimbawa:

This is the most comfortable chair in the room.

Upang ipakita ang pinakamababang antas, gamitin ang the least.

Subject + be + the least + adjective + noun/complement

Halimbawa:

This is the least expensive hotel nearby.

Ang ilang karaniwang adjective ay may irregular superlative forms.

Ang grupong inihahambing ay madalas na ipinakikilala ng in o of.

• the tallest student in the class
• the best day of the week

Mga halimbawa

1. Mia is the tallest girl in her class.
2. This is the smallest room in the house.
3. August is the hottest month here.
4. That was the easiest question on the test.
5. This is the most comfortable chair in the office.
6. He bought the most expensive phone in the store.
7. This is the least difficult task today.
8. She is the best player on the team.
9. That was the worst day of my week.
10. It is the furthest shop from my home.

Mga eksepsyon

Ang ilang adjective ay may irregular superlative forms.

• good → the best
• bad → the worst
• far → the farthest / the furthest

Karaniwang hindi ginagamit ang parehong most at -est sa isang adjective.

Gamitin:

the tallest

hindi:

the most tallest

Ang definite article na the ay karaniwang ginagamit bago ang superlative adjective kapag inilalarawan ng adjective ang isang noun.

• She is the fastest runner.
• This is the best option.

Kapag may possessive word na tumutukoy na sa noun, hindi ginagamit ang the.

• my best friend
• her biggest problem
• our most important task

Ang ilang two-syllable adjective ay maaaring gumamit ng alinman sa -est o most, depende sa adjective at gamit.

• the cleverest / the most clever
• the quietest / the most quiet

Mga karaniwang pagkakamali

1. Incorrect: She is tallest student in the class. Correct: She is the tallest student in the class. Explanation: Ang mga superlative adjective ay karaniwang gumagamit ng the bago ang adjective.

2. Incorrect: This is most expensive car here. Correct: This is the most expensive car here. Explanation: Gumamit ng the bago ang most + adjective sa isang superlative.

3. Incorrect: He is the most tallest boy in the group. Correct: He is the tallest boy in the group. Explanation: Huwag gamitin ang parehong most at -est sa isang adjective.

4. Incorrect: This is the beautifullest place here. Correct: This is the most beautiful place here. Explanation: Ang mas mahabang adjective ay karaniwang gumagamit ng the most sa halip na -est.

5. Incorrect: Today is the hotest day of the week. Correct: Today is the hottest day of the week. Explanation: Doblehin ang huling consonant sa hot bago idagdag ang -est.

6. Incorrect: This is the easyest question. Correct: This is the easiest question. Explanation: Sa mga adjective na nagtatapos sa consonant + y, palitan ang y ng i bago idagdag ang -est.

7. Incorrect: He is my the best friend. Correct: He is my best friend. Explanation: Huwag gamitin ang the kapag may possessive word tulad ng my na tumutukoy na sa noun.