Gabay sa Grammar

Ano ito?

Ang mga personal pronoun ay mga maiikling salita na ginagamit sa halip na mga pangalan o pangngalan.

Nakakatulong ang mga ito upang maiwasan ang pag-uulit ng parehong tao, hayop, lugar, o bagay.

Ang Ingles ay may subject pronouns at object pronouns.

Ang mga subject pronoun ay gumaganap ng kilos.

• She works here.
• They know my brother.

Ang mga object pronoun ay tumatanggap ng kilos o sumusunod sa isang preposition.

• I called her.
• He spoke to them.

Kailan gagamitin

Gamitin ang mga subject pronoun bago ang isang pandiwa.

• I live in Canada.
• You look tired.
• He plays football.
• She works at a hospital.
• It is very cold.
• We study English.
• They have two children.

Gamitin ang mga object pronoun pagkatapos ng isang pandiwa.

• She knows me.
• I can help you.
• We invited him.
• They called her.
• Please open it.
• He visited us.
• I saw them.

Gamitin ang mga object pronoun pagkatapos ng mga preposition tulad ng to, for, with, at from.

• Talk to me.
• This gift is for her.
• Come with us.
• I received a message from them.

Estruktura

Subject pronouns

Gamitin:

subject pronoun + verb

Object pronouns

Gamitin:

subject + verb + object pronoun

• She called me.
• I know him.
• We invited them.

Gamitin:

preposition + object pronoun

• with her
• for us
• from him
• to them

Paggamit ng it

Gamitin ang it para sa:

• isang bagay: I bought a phone. It is new.
• isang hayop kapag hindi alam o hindi mahalaga ang kasarian nito: The dog is outside. It is hungry.
• panahon: It is raining.
• oras: It is six o’clock.
• distansya: It is five kilometres away.

Paggamit ng they

Gamitin ang they para sa maramihang tao, hayop, at bagay.

• My parents are here. They are waiting.
• The books are new. They are expensive.

Ang they ay maaari ring tumukoy sa isang tao kapag ang kasarian ng tao ay hindi alam, hindi mahalaga, o hindi tinukoy.

• Someone left their phone. They may return for it.

Mga halimbawa

1. I work from home.
2. She is my new manager.
3. He called me yesterday.
4. We invited them to dinner.
5. The children are tired, so they are going to bed.
6. This is my phone. It is very old.
7. Can you help us?
8. I spoke to her after work.
9. My brother lives nearby, and I visit him often.
10. Someone is at the door. They are waiting outside.

Mga pagbubukod

Ang pronoun na I ay palaging isinusulat na may malaking titik.

• Tama: Anna and I are friends.
• Mali: Anna and i are friends.

Gamitin ang you para sa isang tao o ilang mga tao.

• You are my friend.
• You are all welcome.

Ang mga hayop ay maaaring tawaging he o she kapag kilala ang kanilang kasarian o kapag sila ay itinuturing na mga indibidwal.

• This is my dog, Max. He is very friendly.

Gamitin ang it para sa pangkalahatang mga ekspresyon ng panahon, oras, at distansya, kahit na hindi ito pumapalit sa isang tiyak na pangngalan.

• It is sunny.
• It is midnight.
• It is far from here.

Mga karaniwang pagkakamali

1. Mali: Me live in Canada. Tama: I live in Canada. Paliwanag: Gamitin ang subject pronoun na I bago ang isang pandiwa.

2. Mali: She called I yesterday. Tama: She called me yesterday. Paliwanag: Gamitin ang object pronoun na me pagkatapos ng isang pandiwa.

3. Mali: Him is my brother. Tama: He is my brother. Paliwanag: Gamitin ang subject pronoun na he bilang paksa.

4. Mali: I spoke to she. Tama: I spoke to her. Paliwanag: Gamitin ang object pronoun pagkatapos ng isang preposition.

5. Mali: My friends are here. He are waiting. Tama: My friends are here. They are waiting. Paliwanag: Gamitin ang they para sa higit sa isang tao.

6. Mali: The car is new. She is expensive. Tama: The car is new. It is expensive. Paliwanag: Gamitin ang it para sa isang bagay.

7. Mali: Us work together. Tama: We work together. Paliwanag: Gamitin ang subject pronoun na we bago ang isang pandiwa.

8. Mali: Please help we. Tama: Please help us. Paliwanag: Gamitin ang object pronoun na us pagkatapos ng isang pandiwa.