Guide de grammaire

Qu'est-ce que c'est ?

Le Past Simple est utilisé pour parler d'actions, d'événements et de situations qui ont commencé et se sont terminés dans le passé.

Exemples :

• I visited my friend yesterday.
• She worked from home last week.
• They went to the cinema.

Les verbes réguliers forment généralement le Past Simple avec -ed.

• work → worked
• play → played
• clean → cleaned

Les verbes irréguliers ont des formes de passé spéciales.

• go → went
• see → saw
• buy → bought
• have → had

Quand l'utiliser

Utilisez le Past Simple pour :

• des actions terminées dans le passé : I finished the report yesterday.
• une série d'actions terminées : She opened the door, walked inside, and sat down.
• des habitudes passées : We played outside every day.
• des situations passées qui ne sont plus vraies : He lived in London for five years.
• des actions à un moment précis du passé : They arrived at 8 p.m.

Les expressions de temps passé courantes incluent :

• yesterday
• last night
• last week
• two days ago
• in 2020
• when I was a child

Structure

Phrases affirmatives

Pour les verbes réguliers, utilisez :

sujet + verbe-ed

Pour les verbes irréguliers, utilisez la forme de passé spéciale.

La forme de passé est la même pour tous les sujets.

• I worked.
• He worked.
• They worked.

Phrases négatives

Utilisez :

sujet + did not + verbe de base

La forme courte de did not est didn’t.

• I did not call him.
• She didn’t go to work.
• They didn’t understand the question.

Après didn’t, utilisez la forme de base du verbe.

Questions

Utilisez :

Did + sujet + verbe de base ?

• Did you call her?
• Did he finish the task?
• Did they arrive on time?

Réponses courtes

• Did you see him? — Yes, I did.
• Did she call? — No, she didn’t.
• Did they leave? — Yes, they did.

Orthographe des verbes réguliers

Exemples

1. I watched a film last night.
2. She called me yesterday.
3. We visited our grandparents on Sunday.
4. He bought a new laptop.
5. They didn’t come to the meeting.
6. I didn’t understand the question.
7. Did you finish your homework?
8. Did she take the bus?
9. We lived in Calgary for three years.
10. He opened the window and turned on the light.

Exceptions

Le verbe to be n'utilise pas did dans les questions et négations au Past Simple.

• I was tired.
• They were at home.
• She wasn’t ready.
• Were you busy?

Certains verbes sont irréguliers et n'utilisent pas -ed.

• come → came
• write → wrote
• make → made
• find → found

Les formes irrégulières doivent être apprises individuellement.

Erreurs courantes

1. Incorrect : I goed to work yesterday. Correct : I went to work yesterday. Explication : Go est irrégulier. Sa forme de passé est went.

2. Incorrect : She didn’t went home. Correct : She didn’t go home. Explication : Utilisez le verbe de base après didn’t.

3. Incorrect : Did you saw him? Correct : Did you see him? Explication : Utilisez le verbe de base après did.

4. Incorrect : He work yesterday. Correct : He worked yesterday. Explication : Utilisez la forme du Past Simple pour une action passée terminée.

5. Incorrect : They was late. Correct : They were late. Explication : Utilisez were avec they.

6. Incorrect : I didn’t called her. Correct : I didn’t call her. Explication : N'utilisez pas la forme de passé après didn’t.

7. Incorrect : Did she finished the task? Correct : Did she finish the task? Explication : Utilisez la forme de base après did.

8. Incorrect : We studyed English yesterday. Correct : We studied English yesterday. Explication : Changez consonne + y en i avant d'ajouter -ed.