راهنمای دستور زبان

آن چیست؟

Be going to برای صحبت دربارهٔ برنامه‌های آینده، قصدها و پیش‌بینی‌هایی که بر اساس شواهد فعلی هستند استفاده می‌شود.

این ساختار با شکل صحیح be، به‌دنبال آن going to و شکل سادهٔ فعل ساخته می‌شود.

• I am going to travel next month.
• She is going to study tonight.
• They are going to move soon.

شکل be با توجه به فاعل تغییر می‌کند.

زمان استفاده

از be going to برای برنامه یا قصد آینده‌ای که قبلاً تصمیم گرفته شده استفاده کنید.

• I am going to call my mother tonight.
• We are going to buy a new table.
• He is going to start a new job.

از be going to برای پیش‌بینی بر اساس چیزی که اکنون می‌بینید یا می‌دانید استفاده کنید.

• Look at those clouds. It is going to rain.
• That glass is going to fall.
• She studied very hard. She is going to pass the test.

معمولاً از going to برای تصمیمی که دقیقاً در لحظهٔ صحبت گرفته می‌شود استفاده نکنید. Will برای چنین تصمیمی رایج‌تر است.

• The phone is ringing. I will answer it.

ساختار

جملات مثبت

استفاده کنید:

subject + am/is/are + going to + base verb

• I am going to cook dinner.
• She is going to visit her friend.
• We are going to watch a film.

شکل‌های کوتاه رایج عبارتند از:

• I am → I’m
• he is → he’s
• she is → she’s
• it is → it’s
• you are → you’re
• we are → we’re
• they are → they’re

جملات منفی

استفاده کنید:

subject + am/is/are + not + going to + base verb

• I am not going to stay long.
• He is not going to drive.
• They are not going to come.

شکل‌های کوتاه منفی رایج عبارتند از:

• is not → isn’t
• are not → aren’t

برای am not شکل کوتاه استانداردی وجود ندارد.

سؤالات

استفاده کنید:

am/is/are + subject + going to + base verb?

• Are you going to study tonight?
• Is she going to join us?
• Are they going to travel this year?

پاسخ‌های کوتاه از فعل be استفاده می‌کنند.

• Yes, I am.
• No, she isn’t.
• Yes, they are.

کلمات پرسشی

استفاده کنید:

question word + am/is/are + subject + going to + base verb?

• What are you going to cook?
• Where is he going to stay?
• When are they going to leave?

فعل اصلی «go»

فعل بعد از going to می‌تواند go نیز باشد.

• We are going to go shopping.
• She is going to go home.

در انگلیسی غیررسمی، گویندگان اغلب وقتی مقصد مشخص است از تکرار going to go اجتناب می‌کنند.

• We are going shopping.
• She is going home.

مثال‌ها

1. I am going to clean the kitchen tonight.
2. She is going to learn Spanish.
3. We are going to visit our family this weekend.
4. He is not going to sell his car.
5. They are not going to stay at the hotel.
6. Are you going to cook dinner?
7. What are you going to wear?
8. Look at the sky. It is going to snow.
9. Be careful! You are going to drop that box.
10. The team is going to win because it is playing very well.

استثناها

Going to معمولاً زمان آینده را توصیف می‌کند، اما فعل be همچنان باید با فاعل مطابقت داشته باشد.

• I am going to work.
• She is going to work.
• They are going to work.

برخی افعال معمولاً در شکل استمراری استفاده نمی‌شوند، اما همچنان می‌توانند به شکل ساده بعد از going to بیایند.

• I am going to know the answer soon.
• She is going to understand the problem.

در گفتار غیررسمی، going to اغلب مانند gonna تلفظ می‌شود، اما gonna معمولاً در نوشتار رسمی اجتناب می‌شود.

• گفتار غیررسمی: I’m gonna call him.
• نوشتار استاندارد: I’m going to call him.

اشتباهات رایج

1. نادرست: I going to study tonight. درست: I am going to study tonight. توضیح: قبل از going to از شکل صحیح be استفاده کنید.

2. نادرست: She are going to travel. درست: She is going to travel. توضیح: با she از is استفاده کنید.

3. نادرست: They is going to buy a house. درست: They are going to buy a house. توضیح: با they از are استفاده کنید.

4. نادرست: He is going to studies tonight. درست: He is going to study tonight. توضیح: بعد از going to از شکل سادهٔ فعل استفاده کنید.

5. نادرست: Are going to you call her? درست: Are you going to call her? توضیح: در سؤالات، فاعل را بعد از am، is یا are قرار دهید.

6. نادرست: She not is going to come. درست: She is not going to come. توضیح: not را بعد از فعل be قرار دهید.

7. نادرست: Do you going to work tomorrow? درست: Are you going to work tomorrow? توضیح: برای ساختن سؤال از am، is یا are استفاده کنید، نه do.

8. نادرست: I am going to will call him. درست: I am going to call him. توضیح: بعد از going to از will استفاده نکنید.