راهنمای دستور زبان

چیست؟

اشکال گذشته ساده to be عبارتند از was و were.

از was با موارد زیر استفاده کنید:

• I
• he
• she
• it

از were با موارد زیر استفاده کنید:

• you
• we
• they

مثال‌ها:

• I was tired.
• She was at home.
• We were busy.
• They were happy.

اشکال منفی was not و were not هستند.

اشکال کوتاه رایج عبارتند از:

• was not → wasn’t
• were not → weren’t

زمان استفاده

از گذشته ساده to be برای صحبت درباره موارد زیر استفاده کنید:

• حالت‌های گذشته: I was tired.
• احساسات گذشته: She was nervous.
• مکان‌های گذشته: They were at school.
• سن‌های گذشته: He was ten years old.
• توصیفات گذشته: The room was small.
• موقعیت‌های گذشته: We were very busy.
• تاریخ‌ها و زمان‌های گذشته: It was Monday.

ساختار

جملات مثبت

ساختار:

فاعل + was/were + متمم

• He was tired.
• We were late.

جملات منفی

ساختار:

فاعل + was not/were not + متمم

• I wasn’t hungry.
• They weren’t ready.

سوالات

ساختار:

Was/Were + فاعل + متمم؟

• Was she at home?
• Were they tired?
• Were you busy?

پاسخ‌های کوتاه

• Was he late? — Yes, he was.
• Was she tired? — No, she wasn’t.
• Were they at school? — Yes, they were.
• Were you busy? — No, I wasn’t.

مثال‌ها

1. I was very tired yesterday.
2. She was at the office this morning.
3. He wasn’t ready for the meeting.
4. It was cold last night.
5. We were happy with the result.
6. You were very quiet yesterday.
7. They weren’t at home.
8. Was your brother at school?
9. Were the shops open?
10. Where were you last weekend?

استثناها

در برخی عبارات رسمی یا غیرواقعی با I، he، she یا it، به جای was از were استفاده کنید.

• If I were you, I would wait.
• I wish she were here.

در انگلیسی غیررسمی، گاهی در این عبارات از was استفاده می‌شود، اما were فرم استاندارد است.

اشتباهات رایج

1. نادرست: I were tired yesterday. درست: I was tired yesterday. توضیح: با I از was استفاده کنید.

2. نادرست: They was at home. درست: They were at home. توضیح: با they از were استفاده کنید.

3. نادرست: She didn’t be happy. درست: She wasn’t happy. توضیح: با گذشته ساده to be از didn’t استفاده نکنید.

4. نادرست: Did he was at work? درست: Was he at work? توضیح: در سوالات با was یا were از did استفاده نکنید.

5. نادرست: We wasn’t ready. درست: We weren’t ready. توضیح: با we از weren’t استفاده کنید.

6. نادرست: Were she at school? درست: Was she at school? توضیح: با she از was استفاده کنید.

7. نادرست: I was not at home? درست: Was I not at home? توضیح: برای تشکیل سوال، was را قبل از فاعل قرار دهید.

8. نادرست: They were not tired? درست: Weren’t they tired? توضیح: در سوالات، were یا weren’t را قبل از فاعل قرار دهید.