それは何ですか?
人称代名詞は、名前や名詞の代わりに使われる短い言葉です。
同じ人、動物、場所、物を繰り返すのを避けるのに役立ちます。
英語には主格の代名詞と目的格の代名詞があります。
| 主格の代名詞 | 目的格の代名詞 |
|---|---|
| I | me |
| you | you |
| he | him |
| she | her |
| it | it |
| we | us |
| they | them |
主格の代名詞は動作を行います。
- She works here.
- They know my brother.
目的格の代名詞は動作を受け取るか、前置詞の後に来ます。
- I called her.
- He spoke to them.
いつ使うか
動詞の前には主格の代名詞を使います。
- I live in Canada.
- You look tired.
- He plays football.
- She works at a hospital.
- It is very cold.
- We study English.
- They have two children.
動詞の後には目的格の代名詞を使います。
- She knows me.
- I can help you.
- We invited him.
- They called her.
- Please open it.
- He visited us.
- I saw them.
to、for、with、from などの前置詞の後には目的格の代名詞を使います。
- Talk to me.
- This gift is for her.
- Come with us.
- I received a message from them.
構造
主格の代名詞
使用法:
主格の代名詞 + 動詞
| 代名詞 | 使用法 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| I | 話し手 | I am ready. |
| you | 話しかけている人または人々 | You are welcome. |
| he | 一人の男性 | He lives nearby. |
| she | 一人の女性 | She speaks French. |
| it | 一つの物、動物、または状況 | It looks expensive. |
| we | 話し手と他の人々 | We work together. |
| they | 他の人々、動物、または物 | They are outside. |
目的格の代名詞
使用法:
主語 + 動詞 + 目的格の代名詞
- She called me.
- I know him.
- We invited them.
使用法:
前置詞 + 目的格の代名詞
- with her
- for us
- from him
- to them
it の使用
it は以下のために使います:
- 物:I bought a phone. It is new.
- 性別が不明または重要でない動物:The dog is outside. It is hungry.
- 天気:It is raining.
- 時間:It is six o’clock.
- 距離:It is five kilometres away.
they の使用
they は複数の人、動物、物に使います。
- My parents are here. They are waiting.
- The books are new. They are expensive.
They は、性別が不明、重要でない、または特定されていない一人の人を指すこともあります。
- Someone left their phone. They may return for it.
例
- I work from home.
- She is my new manager.
- He called me yesterday.
- We invited them to dinner.
- The children are tired, so they are going to bed.
- This is my phone. It is very old.
- Can you help us?
- I spoke to her after work.
- My brother lives nearby, and I visit him often.
- Someone is at the door. They are waiting outside.
例外
代名詞 I は常に大文字で書きます。
- 正しい:Anna and I are friends.
- 間違い:Anna and i are friends.
you は一人の人にも複数の人にも使います。
- You are my friend.
- You are all welcome.
動物は、性別がわかっている場合や個体として扱われる場合、he または she と呼ぶことができます。
- This is my dog, Max. He is very friendly.
it は、特定の名詞を置き換えない場合でも、一般的な天気、時間、距離の表現に使います。
- It is sunny.
- It is midnight.
- It is far from here.
よくある間違い
-
間違い: Me live in Canada. 正しい: I live in Canada. 説明: 動詞の前には主格の代名詞 I を使います。
-
間違い: She called I yesterday. 正しい: She called me yesterday. 説明: 動詞の後には目的格の代名詞 me を使います。
-
間違い: Him is my brother. 正しい: He is my brother. 説明: 主語として主格の代名詞 he を使います。
-
間違い: I spoke to she. 正しい: I spoke to her. 説明: 前置詞の後には目的格の代名詞を使います。
-
間違い: My friends are here. He are waiting. 正しい: My friends are here. They are waiting. 説明: 複数の人には they を使います。
-
間違い: The car is new. She is expensive. 正しい: The car is new. It is expensive. 説明: 物には it を使います。
-
間違い: Us work together. 正しい: We work together. 説明: 動詞の前には主格の代名詞 we を使います。
-
間違い: Please help we. 正しい: Please help us. 説明: 動詞の後には目的格の代名詞 us を使います。