文法ガイド

それは何か？

There is と there are は、何かが存在する、または存在することを言うために使われます。

there is は以下のものと一緒に使います：

• 1人の人または1つの物
• 不可算名詞

there are は以下のものと一緒に使います：

• 2人以上の人または2つ以上の物

例：

• There is a book on the table.
• There is some milk in the fridge.
• There are three chairs in the room.

there is の短縮形は there’s です。

• There’s a café near my house.

いつ使うか

there is と there are は以下のために使います：

• 新しい情報を紹介する
• 場所を説明する
• 何が利用可能かを言う
• 何人または何個存在するかを言う
• 出来事や問題について話す

例：

• There is a bank next to the station.
• There are two bathrooms in the apartment.
• There is some food in the kitchen.
• There are many people outside.
• There is a problem with the computer.

構造

肯定文

以下を使います：

there is + 単数名詞

• There is a shop nearby.
• There is one window in the room.

以下を使います：

there is + 不可算名詞

• There is some water in the bottle.
• There is a lot of traffic today.

以下を使います：

there are + 複数名詞

• There are two shops nearby.
• There are several windows in the room.

否定文

以下を使います：

there is not + 単数名詞または不可算名詞

• There is not a pharmacy nearby.
• There is not much time.

短縮形は there isn’t です。

以下を使います：

there are not + 複数名詞

• There are not enough chairs.
• There are not any shops nearby.

短縮形は there aren’t です。

疑問文

以下を使います：

Is there + 単数名詞または不可算名詞?

• Is there a bathroom here?
• Is there any coffee left?

以下を使います：

Are there + 複数名詞?

• Are there any questions?
• Are there two bedrooms?

短い答え

• Is there a bank nearby? — Yes, there is.
• Is there any milk? — No, there isn’t.
• Are there any tickets left? — Yes, there are.
• Are there many people? — No, there aren’t.

some と any の使い方

some は主に肯定文で使います。

• There is some bread.
• There are some apples.

any は主に否定文と疑問文で使います。

• There isn’t any bread.
• Are there any apples?

例

1. There is a supermarket near my house.
2. There are two cats in the garden.
3. There is some coffee in the kitchen.
4. There isn’t a bus stop on this street.
5. There aren’t any clean cups.
6. Is there a hotel near the airport?
7. Are there any messages for me?
8. There is a lot of traffic this morning.
9. There are several books on the desk.
10. There’s a meeting at three o’clock.

例外

くだけた会話では、there’s が複数名詞の前に使われることがあります。

• There’s two people outside.

これは会話では一般的ですが、標準的な形は there are です。

• There are two people outside.

there is という語句は it is と同じ意味ではありません。

• There is a café near the station. — 駅の近くにカフェが存在する。
• It is near the station. — 既知の人や物が駅の近くにある。

過去には there was と there were を使います。

• There was a problem yesterday.
• There were many people at the event.

よくある間違い

1. 間違い: There are a book on the table. 正しい: There is a book on the table. 説明: 単数名詞には there is を使います。

2. 間違い: There is two chairs in the room. 正しい: There are two chairs in the room. 説明: 複数名詞には there are を使います。

3. 間違い: There are some milk in the fridge. 正しい: There is some milk in the fridge. 説明: 不可算名詞には there is を使います。

4. 間違い: Is there any shops nearby? 正しい: Are there any shops nearby? 説明: 複数名詞には are there を使います。

5. 間違い: There isn’t no food. 正しい: There isn’t any food. 説明: 二重否定を避けてください。isn’t の後には any を使います。

6. 間違い: Are there a bathroom here? 正しい: Is there a bathroom here? 説明: 単数名詞には is there を使います。

7. 間違い: It is a problem with the door. 正しい: There is a problem with the door. 説明: 存在するものを紹介するには there is を使います。

8. 間違い: There have many people outside. 正しい: There are many people outside. 説明: 存在する人や物について話すときは、there have ではなく there are を使います。