それは何ですか?
疑問文は、情報、確認、許可、または助けを求めるために使われます。
英語の疑問文では、しばしば助動詞が主語の前に置かれます。
一般的な疑問詞には次のものがあります:
- who
- what
- where
- when
- why
- which
- how
例:
- Do you work here?
- Is she at home?
- Where do they live?
- Why are you tired?
いつ使うか
答えがはいまたはいいえになる場合は、はい・いいえ疑問文を使います。
- Do you like coffee?
- Is he ready?
- Can they come?
特定の情報が必要な場合は、疑問詞を使った疑問文を使います。
- What do you want?
- Where does she work?
- When are they leaving?
- Why did he call?
- How can I help?
疑問文は、以下のことについて尋ねるために使います:
- 人:Who is that?
- 物:What is this?
- 場所:Where do you live?
- 時間:When does the meeting start?
- 理由:Why are you late?
- 選択肢:Which colour do you prefer?
- 方法や状態:How do you make this?
構造
to be を使った疑問文
次の形を使います:
am/is/are + 主語 + 補語?
| 平叙文 | 疑問文 |
|---|---|
| She is tired. | Is she tired? |
| They are ready. | Are they ready? |
| I am late. | Am I late? |
過去の疑問文では、was または were を使います。
- Was he at work?
- Were they busy?
他の動詞を使った疑問文
現在形では do または does を使います。
do/does + 主語 + 動詞の原形?
| 主語 | 助動詞 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| I / you / we / they | do | Do they live here? |
| he / she / it | does | Does she work here? |
過去形では did を使います。
did + 主語 + 動詞の原形?
- Did you call her?
- Did he finish the task?
法助動詞を使った疑問文
法助動詞を主語の前に置きます。
法助動詞 + 主語 + 動詞の原形?
- Can you swim?
- Could she help us?
- Should we leave?
- Will they come?
疑問詞を使った疑問文
疑問詞を助動詞の前に置きます。
疑問詞 + 助動詞 + 主語 + 主動詞?
- Where do you work?
- What does she need?
- Why did they leave?
- When will he arrive?
to be を使う場合は、次の形を使います:
疑問詞 + am/is/are/was/were + 主語?
- Where is she?
- Why are they angry?
- When was the meeting?
主語を尋ねる疑問文
who または what が主語の場合、do、does、did は使いません。
- Who called you?
- What happened?
- Who lives here?
比較:
- Who called Anna? — アンナに電話をかけた人を尋ねる
- Who did Anna call? — アンナが電話をかけた相手を尋ねる
例
- Do you speak English?
- Does your brother live nearby?
- Did they arrive on time?
- Is she at work today?
- Were you tired yesterday?
- Can you help me?
- Where do your parents live?
- Why did he leave early?
- What are you doing?
- Who opened the window?
例外
to be と一緒に do、does、did は使いません。
- 正しい:Is she ready?
- 間違い:Does she be ready?
法助動詞と一緒に do、does、did は使いません。
- 正しい:Can he drive?
- 間違い:Does he can drive?
疑問詞が主語の場合、通常の主語・疑問詞の語順が使われます。
- Who knows the answer?
- What caused the problem?
話し手が驚いている場合や確認している場合、くだけた言い方では平叙文のような形の疑問文もあります。
- You finished already?
- She lives here?
これらの形は会話ではよく使われますが、正式な文章ではあまり適切ではありません。
よくある間違い
-
間違い: You like coffee? 正しい: Do you like coffee? 説明: 現在形の疑問文を作るには do を使います。
-
間違い: Does she works here? 正しい: Does she work here? 説明: does の後には動詞の原形を使います。
-
間違い: Did he went home? 正しい: Did he go home? 説明: did の後には動詞の原形を使います。
-
間違い: Do they are ready? 正しい: Are they ready? 説明: 動詞 to be と一緒に do は使いません。
-
間違い: Where she lives? 正しい: Where does she live? 説明: 現在形の疑問文では、does を主語の前に置きます。
-
間違い: Why you are late? 正しい: Why are you late? 説明: are を主語の前に置きます。
-
間違い: Does he can swim? 正しい: Can he swim? 説明: does を使わずに、法助動詞を主語の前に置きます。
-
間違い: Who did call you? 正しい: Who called you? 説明: who が主語の場合、did は使いません。