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A1 Beginner English 文法

所有格形容詞

これは何か？

所有形容詞は、誰が何かを所有しているか、または誰かに何かが関連しているかを示します。

それらは名詞の前に置かれます。

英語の所有形容詞は以下の通りです：

主語代名詞 所有形容詞 例
I my my book
you your your phone
he his his car
she her her bag
it its its name
we our our house
they their their children

例：

  • This is my coat.
  • Her brother lives in London.
  • Their car is outside.

いつ使うか

所有形容詞は以下のことを話すときに使います：

  • 所有：This is my laptop.
  • 家族関係：Her mother is a teacher.
  • 身体の一部：He hurt his arm.
  • 私物：Where are your keys?
  • 誰かに関連する場所：Our office is nearby.
  • 動物や物：The dog is eating its food.

所有形容詞は、それが修飾する名詞の前に置きます。

  • my friend
  • your address
  • his job
  • her name
  • our room
  • their house

構造

基本構造は次の通りです：

所有形容詞 + 名詞

所有形容詞 名詞 例
my name My name is Anna.
your bag Your bag is here.
his brother His brother is tall.
her phone Her phone is new.
its colour Its colour is blue.
our teacher Our teacher is friendly.
their house Their house is large.

所有形容詞は、単数名詞でも複数名詞でも形が変わりません。

  • my book
  • my books
  • their child
  • their children

所有形容詞は、所有されるものではなく、所有者に応じて選びます。

  • Anna has a car. Her car is red.
  • Mark has a car. His car is red.
  • Anna and Mark have a car. Their car is red.

所有形容詞の前に冠詞を置かないでください。

  • 正：my friend
  • 誤：the my friend

例

  1. My name is Daniel.
  2. Where is your passport?
  3. His sister works at a hospital.
  4. Her children are at school.
  5. The cat is washing its face.
  6. Our apartment is very small.
  7. Their parents live in Canada.
  8. I cannot find my keys.
  9. She is talking to her manager.
  10. We invited our friends to dinner.

例外

Its は所有形容詞です。

  • The company changed its name.

It's は it is または it has の短縮形です。

  • It's cold today.
  • It's been a long day.

所有形容詞 its にはアポストロフィを使わないでください。

所有形容詞は所有代名詞とは異なります。

  • This is my book.
  • This book is mine.

所有形容詞の後には名詞が必要です。所有代名詞は名詞の代わりをします。

よくある間違い

  1. 誤： She is my sister. His name is Anna. 正： She is my sister. Her name is Anna. 説明： 女性の所有者には her を使います。

  2. 誤： He has a car. Her car is new. 正： He has a car. His car is new. 説明： 男性の所有者には his を使います。

  3. 誤： This is mine book. 正： This is my book. 説明： 名詞の前には所有形容詞 my を使います。

  4. 誤： The dog is eating it's food. 正： The dog is eating its food. 説明： Its は所有を表します。It's は it is または it has の意味です。

  5. 誤： This is the my phone. 正： This is my phone. 説明： 所有形容詞の前に冠詞を置かないでください。

  6. 誤： We live here. Their house is small. 正： We live here. Our house is small. 説明： 所有者が we の場合は our を使います。

  7. 誤： They are washing their car, and she is cleaning their window. 正： They are washing their car, and she is cleaning her window. 説明： 所有者に応じて所有形容詞を選びます。

  8. 誤： My books is on the table. 正： My books are on the table. 説明： 所有形容詞は変わりませんが、動詞は複数名詞に一致させる必要があります。