इंग्रजी Than आणि The: तुलना व्याकरण

A2 Elementary English व्याकरण

Than आणि निश्चित उपपद

हे काय आहे?

इंग्रजी तुलनांमध्ये अनेकदा than आणि the वापरले जातात.

दोन व्यक्ती, वस्तू, ठिकाणे किंवा परिस्थितींची तुलना केली जाते तेव्हा तुलनात्मक विशेषण किंवा क्रियाविशेषणानंतर than वापरले जाते.

Tom is taller than Ben.
This car is faster than mine.

एका व्यक्तीची किंवा वस्तूची संपूर्ण गटाशी तुलना केली जाते तेव्हा सामान्यतः उत्तमतावाचक विशेषणापूर्वी निश्चित उपपद the वापरले जाते.

Anna is the tallest student in the class.
This is the cheapest option.

दोन बदल जोडलेले आहेत हे दाखवण्यासाठी the + comparative, the + comparative या रचनेतही the हा शब्द वापरला जातो.

The more you practise, the easier it becomes.
The earlier we leave, the better.

कधी वापरायचे

दोन गोष्टींची थेट तुलना करताना तुलनात्मक रूपानंतर than वापरा.

My house is bigger than yours.
Today is warmer than yesterday.

गटातील एखाद्या गुणाची सर्वाधिक किंवा सर्वात कमी पातळी असलेली व्यक्ती किंवा वस्तू ओळखताना the + superlative वापरा.

She is the youngest person in the family.
It is the most expensive restaurant here.

एका बदलाचा दुसऱ्या बदलावर परिणाम होतो तेव्हा the + comparative, the + comparative वापरा.

The faster you drive, the more fuel you use.
The longer I wait, the more tired I become.

या रचनेसह लहान वाक्प्रचारही सामान्य आहेत.

The sooner, the better.
The more, the merrier.

रचना

थेट तुलनेसाठी:

Subject + be/verb + comparative + than + person/thing

Jack is older than Sam.
This train moves faster than that one.

more किंवा less सह:

Subject + be/verb + more/less + adjective + than + person/thing

This hotel is more comfortable than the other one.
The second task is less difficult than the first.

उत्तमतावाचकासाठी:

Subject + be + the + superlative + noun/complement

Maya is the tallest student in the class.
This is the most useful tool.

रूप	उदाहरण
comparative + than	taller than
more + adjective + than	more expensive than
less + adjective + than	less difficult than
the + superlative	the tallest
the most + adjective	the most expensive

दोन जोडलेले बदल दाखवण्यासाठी:

The + comparative + clause, the + comparative + clause

The older I get, the more patient I become.
The less you spend, the more you save.

या विशेष रचनेत, the हा तुलनात्मक नमुन्याचा भाग आहे. तो निश्चित उपपद ज्या पद्धतीने सामान्यतः विशिष्ट नाम ओळखतो, त्या पद्धतीने तो तसे करत नाही.

उदाहरणे

My sister is younger than me.
This phone is cheaper than that one.
Her new job is more interesting than her old job.
Today is less stressful than yesterday.
Leo is the tallest boy in his family.
This is the most comfortable chair in the room.
The earlier we start, the earlier we finish.
The more you read, the more words you learn.
The colder it gets, the more clothes I wear.
The sooner we leave, the better.

अपवाद

than नंतर, शैली आणि वाक्यरचनेनुसार इंग्रजीत वेगवेगळी सर्वनाम रूपे वापरली जाऊ शकतात.

She is taller than me.
She is taller than I am.

दोन्ही सामान्य आणि बरोबर आहेत. दुसरे रूप सामान्यतः अधिक औपचारिक असते.

साध्या तुलनेत सामान्य तुलनात्मक विशेषणापूर्वी निश्चित उपपद सामान्यतः वापरले जात नाही.

Correct: John is taller than Mike.
Incorrect: John is the taller than Mike.

तथापि, नेमक्या दोन व्यक्ती किंवा वस्तूंमधून निवड करताना the तुलनात्मकासह येऊ शकतो.

John is the taller of the two brothers.

the + comparative, the + comparative ही रचना एक विशेष स्थिर तुलना नमुना आहे.

सामान्य चुका

Incorrect: My car is faster that yours. Correct: My car is faster than yours. Explanation: दोन गोष्टींची तुलना करताना तुलनात्मकानंतर than वापरा.
Incorrect: Lisa is taller from Anna. Correct: Lisa is taller than Anna. Explanation: इंग्रजीत तुलनात्मकानंतर सामान्यतः than वापरले जाते, from नाही.
Incorrect: This book is more interesting that the other one. Correct: This book is more interesting than the other one. Explanation: तुलनेचा दुसरा भाग सुरू करण्यासाठी than वापरा.
Incorrect: He is tallest student in the class. Correct: He is the tallest student in the class. Explanation: उत्तमतावाचक विशेषणांसह सामान्यतः निश्चित उपपद the वापरले जाते.
Incorrect: This is most expensive hotel here. Correct: This is the most expensive hotel here. Explanation: उत्तमतावाचकात most + adjective पूर्वी the वापरा.
Incorrect: More you practise, easier it becomes. Correct: The more you practise, the easier it becomes. Explanation: या रचनेत दोन्ही तुलनात्मक रूपांपूर्वी the वापरा.
Incorrect: The faster you work, you finish sooner. Correct: The faster you work, the sooner you finish. Explanation: जोडलेल्या-बदलाच्या रचनेत, दोन्ही भागांत सामान्यतः the + comparative वापरले जाते.