व्याकरण मार्गदर्शक

हे काय आहे?

पास्ट सिंपल (Past Simple) चा वापर भूतकाळात सुरू झालेल्या आणि संपलेल्या क्रिया, घटना आणि परिस्थितींबद्दल बोलण्यासाठी केला जातो.

उदाहरणे:

• I visited my friend yesterday.
• She worked from home last week.
• They went to the cinema.

नियमित क्रियापदे सामान्यतः -ed जोडून पास्ट सिंपल तयार करतात.

• work → worked
• play → played
• clean → cleaned

अनियमित क्रियापदांचे विशेष भूतकाळाचे रूप असते.

• go → went
• see → saw
• buy → bought
• have → had

कधी वापरावे

पास्ट सिंपलचा वापर यासाठी करा:

• भूतकाळातील पूर्ण झालेल्या क्रिया: I finished the report yesterday.
• पूर्ण झालेल्या क्रियांची मालिका: She opened the door, walked inside, and sat down.
• भूतकाळातील सवयी: We played outside every day.
• भूतकाळातील परिस्थिती जी आता खरी नाही: He lived in London for five years.
• विशिष्ट भूतकाळातील वेळी घडलेल्या क्रिया: They arrived at 8 p.m.

भूतकाळातील सामान्य काळवाचक शब्द:

• yesterday
• last night
• last week
• two days ago
• in 2020
• when I was a child

रचना

सकारात्मक वाक्ये

नियमित क्रियापदांसाठी, वापरा:

कर्ता + क्रियापद-एड

अनियमित क्रियापदांसाठी, विशेष भूतकाळाचे रूप वापरा.

भूतकाळाचे रूप प्रत्येक कर्त्यासाठी सारखे असते.

• I worked.
• He worked.
• They worked.

नकारार्थी वाक्ये

वापरा:

कर्ता + did not + मूळ क्रियापद

did not चे संक्षिप्त रूप didn’t आहे.

• I did not call him.
• She didn’t go to work.
• They didn’t understand the question.

didn’t नंतर, क्रियापदाचे मूळ रूप वापरा.

प्रश्न

वापरा:

Did + कर्ता + मूळ क्रियापद?

• Did you call her?
• Did he finish the task?
• Did they arrive on time?

थोडक्यात उत्तरे

• Did you see him? — Yes, I did.
• Did she call? — No, she didn’t.
• Did they leave? — Yes, they did.

नियमित क्रियापदांचे शुद्धलेखन

उदाहरणे

1. I watched a film last night.
2. She called me yesterday.
3. We visited our grandparents on Sunday.
4. He bought a new laptop.
5. They didn’t come to the meeting.
6. I didn’t understand the question.
7. Did you finish your homework?
8. Did she take the bus?
9. We lived in Calgary for three years.
10. He opened the window and turned on the light.

अपवाद

to be हे क्रियापद पास्ट सिंपलच्या प्रश्नांमध्ये आणि नकारार्थी वाक्यांमध्ये did वापरत नाही.

• I was tired.
• They were at home.
• She wasn’t ready.
• Were you busy?

काही क्रियापदे अनियमित आहेत आणि -ed वापरत नाहीत.

• come → came
• write → wrote
• make → made
• find → found

अनियमित रूपे वैयक्तिकरित्या शिकावी लागतात.

सामान्य चुका

1. चुकीचे: I goed to work yesterday. बरोबर: I went to work yesterday. स्पष्टीकरण: Go हे अनियमित आहे. त्याचे भूतकाळाचे रूप went आहे.

2. चुकीचे: She didn’t went home. बरोबर: She didn’t go home. स्पष्टीकरण: didn’t नंतर मूळ क्रियापद वापरा.

3. चुकीचे: Did you saw him? बरोबर: Did you see him? स्पष्टीकरण: did नंतर मूळ क्रियापद वापरा.

4. चुकीचे: He work yesterday. बरोबर: He worked yesterday. स्पष्टीकरण: पूर्ण झालेल्या भूतकाळातील क्रियेसाठी पास्ट सिंपलचे रूप वापरा.

5. चुकीचे: They was late. बरोबर: They were late. स्पष्टीकरण: they सोबत were वापरा.

6. चुकीचे: I didn’t called her. बरोबर: I didn’t call her. स्पष्टीकरण: didn’t नंतर भूतकाळाचे रूप वापरू नका.

7. चुकीचे: Did she finished the task? बरोबर: Did she finish the task? स्पष्टीकरण: did नंतर मूळ रूप वापरा.

8. चुकीचे: We studyed English yesterday. बरोबर: We studied English yesterday. स्पष्टीकरण: -ed जोडण्यापूर्वी व्यंजन + y ला i करा.