O que é?
O Past Simple é usado para falar sobre ações, eventos e situações que começaram e terminaram no passado.
Exemplos:
- I visited my friend yesterday.
- She worked from home last week.
- They went to the cinema.
Os verbos regulares geralmente formam o Past Simple com -ed.
- work → worked
- play → played
- clean → cleaned
Os verbos irregulares têm formas especiais de passado.
- go → went
- see → saw
- buy → bought
- have → had
Quando usar
Use o Past Simple para:
- ações concluídas no passado: I finished the report yesterday.
- uma série de ações concluídas: She opened the door, walked inside, and sat down.
- hábitos passados: We played outside every day.
- situações passadas que não são mais verdadeiras: He lived in London for five years.
- ações em um momento específico no passado: They arrived at 8 p.m.
Expressões comuns de tempo passado incluem:
- yesterday
- last night
- last week
- two days ago
- in 2020
- when I was a child
Estrutura
Frases afirmativas
Para verbos regulares, use:
sujeito + verbo-ed
| Sujeito | Verbo | Exemplo |
|---|---|---|
| I | worked | I worked yesterday. |
| She | played | She played tennis. |
| They | visited | They visited us. |
Para verbos irregulares, use a forma especial de passado.
| Verbo base | Forma de passado | Exemplo |
|---|---|---|
| go | went | We went home. |
| see | saw | I saw Anna. |
| buy | bought | He bought a car. |
| take | took | She took the bus. |
A forma de passado é a mesma para todos os sujeitos.
- I worked.
- He worked.
- They worked.
Frases negativas
Use:
sujeito + did not + verbo base
A forma curta de did not é didn’t.
- I did not call him.
- She didn’t go to work.
- They didn’t understand the question.
Depois de didn’t, use a forma base do verbo.
Perguntas
Use:
Did + sujeito + verbo base?
- Did you call her?
- Did he finish the task?
- Did they arrive on time?
Respostas curtas
- Did you see him? — Yes, I did.
- Did she call? — No, she didn’t.
- Did they leave? — Yes, they did.
Ortografia de verbos regulares
| Regra | Verbo base | Forma de passado |
|---|---|---|
| A maioria dos verbos: adicione -ed | work | worked |
| Verbos terminados em -e: adicione -d | live | lived |
| Consoante + y: mude y para i e adicione -ed | study | studied |
| Vogal curta tônica + consoante: dobre a consoante final | stop | stopped |
Exemplos
- I watched a film last night.
- She called me yesterday.
- We visited our grandparents on Sunday.
- He bought a new laptop.
- They didn’t come to the meeting.
- I didn’t understand the question.
- Did you finish your homework?
- Did she take the bus?
- We lived in Calgary for three years.
- He opened the window and turned on the light.
Exceções
O verbo to be não usa did em perguntas e negativas no Past Simple.
- I was tired.
- They were at home.
- She wasn’t ready.
- Were you busy?
Alguns verbos são irregulares e não usam -ed.
- come → came
- write → wrote
- make → made
- find → found
As formas irregulares devem ser aprendidas individualmente.
Erros comuns
-
Incorreto: I goed to work yesterday. Correto: I went to work yesterday. Explicação: Go é irregular. Sua forma de passado é went.
-
Incorreto: She didn’t went home. Correto: She didn’t go home. Explicação: Use o verbo base depois de didn’t.
-
Incorreto: Did you saw him? Correto: Did you see him? Explicação: Use o verbo base depois de did.
-
Incorreto: He work yesterday. Correto: He worked yesterday. Explicação: Use a forma do Past Simple para uma ação concluída no passado.
-
Incorreto: They was late. Correto: They were late. Explicação: Use were com they.
-
Incorreto: I didn’t called her. Correto: I didn’t call her. Explicação: Não use a forma de passado depois de didn’t.
-
Incorreto: Did she finished the task? Correto: Did she finish the task? Explicação: Use a forma base depois de did.
-
Incorreto: We studyed English yesterday. Correto: We studied English yesterday. Explicação: Mude consoante + y para i antes de adicionar -ed.