Guia de gramática

O que é?

O Present Simple é usado para falar sobre hábitos, rotinas, fatos, situações permanentes e coisas que acontecem regularmente.

Exemplos:

• I work from home.
• She drinks coffee every morning.
• The sun rises in the east.

Com he, she e it, o verbo geralmente termina em -s ou -es.

• I work.
• He works.
• They watch television.
• She watches television.

Quando usar

Use o Present Simple para:

• hábitos e rotinas: I walk to work every day.
• ações repetidas: She calls her mother every Sunday.
• fatos gerais: Water boils at 100°C.
• situações permanentes: They live in Canada.
• opiniões e sentimentos: I like this song.
• horários e cronogramas: The train leaves at six.
• instruções e direções: Turn left, and the bank is on your right.

Expressões de tempo comuns incluem:

• always
• usually
• often
• sometimes
• rarely
• never
• every day
• once a week
• on Mondays

Estrutura

Frases afirmativas

Use a forma base do verbo com I, you, we e they.

Use o verbo com -s ou -es com he, she e it.

Ortografia com he, she e it

Frases negativas

Use:

sujeito + do not/does not + verbo base

As formas curtas são:

• do not → don’t
• does not → doesn’t

Após doesn’t, use a forma base do verbo.

Perguntas

Use:

Do/Does + sujeito + verbo base?

• Do you work here?
• Does she speak French?
• Do they live nearby?

Respostas curtas

• Do you drive? — Yes, I do.
• Do they work here? — No, they don’t.
• Does he cook? — Yes, he does.
• Does she live in Calgary? — No, she doesn’t.

Advérbios de frequência

Advérbios como always, usually, often, sometimes e never geralmente vêm antes do verbo principal.

• I usually get up at seven.
• She often walks to work.
• They never eat meat.

Com o verbo to be, o advérbio geralmente vem depois do verbo.

• He is always busy.
• We are usually at home.

Exemplos

1. I drink coffee every morning.
2. She works in a hospital.
3. They play football on Saturdays.
4. He doesn’t eat meat.
5. We don’t watch much television.
6. Do you speak English?
7. Does your brother live nearby?
8. The shop opens at nine.
9. Water freezes at 0°C.
10. My parents usually visit us in summer.

Exceções

O verbo to be usa am, is e are e não usa do ou does em negativas e perguntas.

• I am tired.
• She isn’t at home.
• Are they ready?

O verbo have é geralmente regular no inglês americano.

• Do you have a car?
• She doesn’t have a car.

No inglês britânico, have got também é comum.

• Have you got a car?
• She hasn’t got a car.

Alguns verbos descrevem estados e são geralmente usados no Present Simple em vez do Present Continuous.

• know
• believe
• want
• need
• like
• love
• understand

Erros comuns

1. Incorreto: He work every day. Correto: He works every day. Explicação: Adicione -s ao verbo com he, she e it.

2. Incorreto: She don’t like coffee. Correto: She doesn’t like coffee. Explicação: Use doesn’t com she.

3. Incorreto: Does he works here? Correto: Does he work here? Explicação: Use o verbo base após does.

4. Incorreto: I am go to work every day. Correto: I go to work every day. Explicação: Não use am antes de um verbo normal no Present Simple.

5. Incorreto: They doesn’t live here. Correto: They don’t live here. Explicação: Use don’t com they.

6. Incorreto: She studys English. Correto: She studies English. Explicação: Mude consoante + y para i antes de adicionar -es.

7. Incorreto: Do she speak French? Correto: Does she speak French? Explicação: Use does com she.

8. Incorreto: He doesn’t goes to school. Correto: He doesn’t go to school. Explicação: Use a forma base após doesn’t.