它是什么？
形容词用来描述名词。它们为人、地点、事物或想法提供更多信息。
普通形容词描述大小、颜色、年龄、形状或观点等特征。
例子：
- a small house
- a red bag
- an old car
- a friendly teacher
指示形容词指向特定的名词。它们是：
- this
- that
- these
- those
指示形容词总是放在名词前面。
例子：
- this book
- that building
- these shoes
- those people
何时使用
用普通形容词来描述名词是什么样的。
例子：
- a beautiful garden
- a difficult question
- a cold morning
用指示形容词来表示你指的是哪一个人或事物。
用 this 表示一个靠近的人或事物。
- this chair
用 that 表示一个较远的人或事物。
- that chair
用 these 表示两个或两个以上靠近的人或事物。
- these chairs
用 those 表示两个或两个以上较远的人或事物。
- those chairs
指示形容词也可以表示某事在时间上感觉是近的还是远的。
- this week
- that day
- these months
- those years
结构
名词前的普通形容词
通常结构是：
冠词或限定词 + 形容词 + 名词
| 限定词 | 形容词 | 名词 |
|---|---|---|
| a | small | room |
| an | interesting | idea |
| the | blue | door |
| my | new | phone |
普通形容词在单数名词和复数名词中不变化。
- a small box
- two small boxes
连系动词后的普通形容词
形容词也可以跟在 be、look、feel、seem 和 become 等动词后面。
结构是：
主语 + 连系动词 + 形容词
- The room is small.
- She looks tired.
- The water feels cold.
指示形容词
结构是：
指示形容词 + 名词
| 距离 | 单数 | 复数 |
|---|---|---|
| 近 | this book | these books |
| 远 | that book | those books |
this 和 that 与单数名词连用。
- this apple
- that person
these 和 those 与复数名词连用。
- these apples
- those people
指示形容词前面还可以再加一个形容词。
结构是：
指示形容词 + 普通形容词 + 名词
- this old house
- that blue car
- these new shoes
- those large buildings
例子
- She has a beautiful voice.
- This coffee is very hot.
- That tall man is my neighbor.
- These fresh apples taste good.
- Those old buildings are empty.
- We live in a small apartment.
- This difficult question needs more time.
- I do not like that loud music.
- These comfortable chairs are new.
- Those children look happy.
例外
有些形容词通常放在它们所描述的名词或代词后面。
- something useful
- someone special
- the people responsible
有些形容词通常用于连系动词后面，一般不直接放在名词前面。
- The child is asleep.
- She is afraid.
指示形容词必须与名词在数上保持一致。
- this book
- these books
- that car
- those cars
常见错误
-
Incorrect: this books Correct: these books Explanation: 用 these 和复数名词连用。
-
Incorrect: those car Correct: that car Explanation: 用 that 和单数名词连用。
-
Incorrect: a car red Correct: a red car Explanation: 普通形容词通常放在名词前面。
-
Incorrect: these new shoe Correct: these new shoes Explanation: 复数指示形容词需要搭配复数名词。
-
Incorrect: this is beautiful house Correct: this is a beautiful house Explanation: 可数单数名词通常需要冠词或其他限定词。
-
Incorrect: a olds building Correct: an old building Explanation: 形容词不加复数词尾，而且 an 用于元音音素前。
-
Incorrect: the room is coldly Correct: the room is cold Explanation: 在连系动词 is 后使用形容词。
-
Incorrect: that two houses Correct: those two houses Explanation: 用 those 和复数名词连用。