这是什么？
疑问句用于询问信息、确认、许可或帮助。
英语疑问句通常在主语前使用助动词。
常见的疑问词包括：
- who
- what
- where
- when
- why
- which
- how
示例：
- Do you work here?
- Is she at home?
- Where do they live?
- Why are you tired?
何时使用
当答案是是或否时，使用一般疑问句。
- Do you like coffee?
- Is he ready?
- Can they come?
当需要具体信息时，使用特殊疑问句。
- What do you want?
- Where does she work?
- When are they leaving?
- Why did he call?
- How can I help?
使用疑问句询问：
- 人：Who is that?
- 事物：What is this?
- 地点：Where do you live?
- 时间：When does the meeting start?
- 原因：Why are you late?
- 选择：Which colour do you prefer?
- 方式或状况：How do you make this?
结构
含有 to be 的疑问句
使用：
am/is/are + 主语 + 表语？
| 陈述句 | 疑问句 |
|---|---|
| She is tired. | Is she tired? |
| They are ready. | Are they ready? |
| I am late. | Am I late? |
对于过去时的疑问句，使用 was 或 were。
- Was he at work?
- Were they busy?
含有其他动词的疑问句
在一般现在时中使用 do 或 does。
do/does + 主语 + 动词原形？
| 主语 | 助动词 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| I / you / we / they | do | Do they live here? |
| he / she / it | does | Does she work here? |
在一般过去时中使用 did。
did + 主语 + 动词原形？
- Did you call her?
- Did he finish the task?
含有情态动词的疑问句
将情态动词放在主语之前。
情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形？
- Can you swim?
- Could she help us?
- Should we leave?
- Will they come?
特殊疑问句
将疑问词放在助动词之前。
疑问词 + 助动词 + 主语 + 主要动词？
- Where do you work?
- What does she need?
- Why did they leave?
- When will he arrive?
对于 to be，使用：
疑问词 + am/is/are/was/were + 主语？
- Where is she?
- Why are they angry?
- When was the meeting?
主语疑问句
当 who 或 what 是主语时，不要使用 do、does 或 did。
- Who called you?
- What happened?
- Who lives here?
比较：
- Who called Anna? — 询问打电话给安娜的人
- Who did Anna call? — 询问安娜打电话给的人
示例
- Do you speak English?
- Does your brother live nearby?
- Did they arrive on time?
- Is she at work today?
- Were you tired yesterday?
- Can you help me?
- Where do your parents live?
- Why did he leave early?
- What are you doing?
- Who opened the window?
例外情况
不要将 do、does 或 did 与 to be 连用。
- 正确：Is she ready?
- 错误：Does she be ready?
不要将 do、does 或 did 与情态动词连用。
- 正确：Can he drive?
- 错误：Does he can drive?
当疑问词是主语时，使用正常的主语-疑问词词序。
- Who knows the answer?
- What caused the problem?
在非正式口语中，当说话者感到惊讶或确认信息时，有些疑问句可以采用陈述句形式。
- You finished already?
- She lives here?
这些形式在对话中很常见，但在正式写作中不太合适。
常见错误
-
错误： You like coffee? 正确： Do you like coffee? 解释： 使用 do 构成一般现在时的疑问句。
-
错误： Does she works here? 正确： Does she work here? 解释： 在 does 之后使用动词原形。
-
错误： Did he went home? 正确： Did he go home? 解释： 在 did 之后使用动词原形。
-
错误： Do they are ready? 正确： Are they ready? 解释： 不要将 do 与动词 to be 连用。
-
错误： Where she lives? 正确： Where does she live? 解释： 在一般现在时的疑问句中，将 does 放在主语之前。
-
错误： Why you are late? 正确： Why are you late? 解释： 将 are 放在主语之前。
-
错误： Does he can swim? 正确： Can he swim? 解释： 将情态动词放在主语之前，不要使用 does。
-
错误： Who did call you? 正确： Who called you? 解释： 当 who 是主语时，不要使用 did。