语法指南

这是什么？

There is 和 there are 用于表示某物存在或在场。

There is 用于：

• 一个人或事物
• 不可数名词

There are 用于：

• 两个或两个以上的人或事物

示例：

• There is a book on the table.
• There is some milk in the fridge.
• There are three chairs in the room.

There is 的缩写形式是 there’s。

• There’s a café near my house.

何时使用

使用 there is 和 there are 来：

• 引入新信息
• 描述地点
• 说明有什么可用
• 说明在场的人或事物的数量
• 谈论事件或问题

示例：

• There is a bank next to the station.
• There are two bathrooms in the apartment.
• There is some food in the kitchen.
• There are many people outside.
• There is a problem with the computer.

结构

肯定句

使用：

there is + 单数名词

• There is a shop nearby.
• There is one window in the room.

使用：

there is + 不可数名词

• There is some water in the bottle.
• There is a lot of traffic today.

使用：

there are + 复数名词

• There are two shops nearby.
• There are several windows in the room.

否定句

使用：

there is not + 单数或不可数名词

• There is not a pharmacy nearby.
• There is not much time.

缩写形式是 there isn’t。

使用：

there are not + 复数名词

• There are not enough chairs.
• There are not any shops nearby.

缩写形式是 there aren’t。

疑问句

使用：

Is there + 单数或不可数名词？

• Is there a bathroom here?
• Is there any coffee left?

使用：

Are there + 复数名词？

• Are there any questions?
• Are there two bedrooms?

简短回答

• Is there a bank nearby? — Yes, there is.
• Is there any milk? — No, there isn’t.
• Are there any tickets left? — Yes, there are.
• Are there many people? — No, there aren’t.

使用 some 和 any

some 主要用于肯定句。

• There is some bread.
• There are some apples.

any 主要用于否定句和疑问句。

• There isn’t any bread.
• Are there any apples?

示例

1. There is a supermarket near my house.
2. There are two cats in the garden.
3. There is some coffee in the kitchen.
4. There isn’t a bus stop on this street.
5. There aren’t any clean cups.
6. Is there a hotel near the airport?
7. Are there any messages for me?
8. There is a lot of traffic this morning.
9. There are several books on the desk.
10. There’s a meeting at three o’clock.

例外情况

在非正式口语中，there’s 有时用于复数名词之前。

• There’s two people outside.

这在对话中很常见，但 there are 是标准形式。

• There are two people outside.

短语 there is 的意思不同于 it is。

• There is a café near the station. — 车站附近有一家咖啡馆。
• It is near the station. — 某个已知的人或事物在车站附近。

过去时使用 there was 和 there were。

• There was a problem yesterday.
• There were many people at the event.

常见错误

1. 错误： There are a book on the table. 正确： There is a book on the table. 解释： 单数名词用 there is。

2. 错误： There is two chairs in the room. 正确： There are two chairs in the room. 解释： 复数名词用 there are。

3. 错误： There are some milk in the fridge. 正确： There is some milk in the fridge. 解释： 不可数名词用 there is。

4. 错误： Is there any shops nearby? 正确： Are there any shops nearby? 解释： 复数名词用 are there。

5. 错误： There isn’t no food. 正确： There isn’t any food. 解释： 避免双重否定。在 isn’t 后使用 any。

6. 错误： Are there a bathroom here? 正确： Is there a bathroom here? 解释： 单数名词用 is there。

7. 错误： It is a problem with the door. 正确： There is a problem with the door. 解释： 用 there is 来引入存在的事物。

8. 错误： There have many people outside. 正确： There are many people outside. 解释： 谈论在场的人或事物时，用 there are，而不是 there have。