这是什么?
不可数名词描述的是我们通常不将其视为单独个体来计数的东西。
它们通常指物质、材料、信息、活动或一般概念。
常见的不可数名词包括:
- water(水)
- milk(牛奶)
- rice(米饭)
- bread(面包)
- money(钱)
- information(信息)
- advice(建议)
- furniture(家具)
- luggage(行李)
- homework(家庭作业)
- work(工作)
- traffic(交通)
- weather(天气)
- news(新闻)
不可数名词通常没有复数形式。它们通常与单数动词连用。
何时使用
在谈论以下内容时使用不可数名词:
- 物质和材料:water(水)、coffee(咖啡)、sugar(糖)、wood(木头)
- 作为一般物质的食物:bread(面包)、rice(米饭)、cheese(奶酪)、meat(肉)
- 抽象概念:happiness(幸福)、knowledge(知识)、information(信息)
- 活动和工作:homework(家庭作业)、work(工作)、research(研究)
- 被视为一个类别的物品组:furniture(家具)、luggage(行李)、equipment(设备)
- 一般状况:weather(天气)、traffic(交通)
与不可数名词连用 some、much、a little 或 a lot of。
当需要计数时,使用容器、数量或单位。
结构
| 结构 | 示例 |
|---|---|
| 不可数名词 + 单数动词 | The information is useful. |
| some + 不可数名词 | We need some water. |
| much + 不可数名词 | How much money do you have? |
| a little + 不可数名词 | Add a little sugar. |
| a lot of + 不可数名词 | She has a lot of work. |
| 数量 + of + 不可数名词 | I bought two bottles of milk. |
通常不要在不可数名词前直接使用 a 或 an。
- 正确:some advice
- 错误:an advice
要计数不可数名词,使用合适的单位或表达:
- a piece of advice
- two pieces of information
- a loaf of bread
- three bottles of water
- a cup of coffee
- two items of luggage
示例
- I need some information about the hotel.
- There is a lot of traffic today.
- She gave me useful advice.
- We bought two bottles of water.
- This furniture is very expensive.
- How much money do you need?
- He has a little homework tonight.
- The weather is warm and sunny.
- Please buy a loaf of bread.
- Their luggage is already in the car.
例外
有些名词根据其含义可以是可数或不可数的。
- coffee 当指一般意义上的饮料时是不可数的:I drink coffee every morning.
- a coffee 指一杯或一份:We ordered two coffees.
- chicken 当指食物时是不可数的:We ate chicken.
- a chicken 指一只动物:They have five chickens.
- paper 当指材料时是不可数的:I need some paper.
- a paper 可以指文件、文章或报纸:She wrote a paper.
常见错误
-
错误: I need an advice. 正确: I need some advice. 解释: Advice 是不可数名词,所以不要使用 an。
-
错误: She gave me two advices. 正确: She gave me two pieces of advice. 解释: Advice 通常没有复数形式。
-
错误: These informations are useful. 正确: This information is useful. 解释: Information 是不可数名词,用单数动词。
-
错误: We bought three breads. 正确: We bought three loaves of bread. 解释: 用数量表达来计数 bread。
-
错误: How many money do you have? 正确: How much money do you have? 解释: 与不可数名词连用 how much。
-
错误: The furnitures are new. 正确: The furniture is new. 解释: Furniture 是不可数名词,通常没有复数形式。
-
错误: I have many homework today. 正确: I have a lot of homework today. 解释: 与不可数名词连用 much 或 a lot of,而不是 many。