语法指南

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常见不可数名词

这是什么?

不可数名词描述的是我们通常不将其视为单独个体来计数的东西。

它们通常指物质、材料、信息、活动或一般概念。

常见的不可数名词包括:

  • water(水)
  • milk(牛奶)
  • rice(米饭)
  • bread(面包)
  • money(钱)
  • information(信息)
  • advice(建议)
  • furniture(家具)
  • luggage(行李)
  • homework(家庭作业)
  • work(工作)
  • traffic(交通)
  • weather(天气)
  • news(新闻)

不可数名词通常没有复数形式。它们通常与单数动词连用。

何时使用

在谈论以下内容时使用不可数名词:

  • 物质和材料:water(水)、coffee(咖啡)、sugar(糖)、wood(木头)
  • 作为一般物质的食物:bread(面包)、rice(米饭)、cheese(奶酪)、meat(肉)
  • 抽象概念:happiness(幸福)、knowledge(知识)、information(信息)
  • 活动和工作:homework(家庭作业)、work(工作)、research(研究)
  • 被视为一个类别的物品组:furniture(家具)、luggage(行李)、equipment(设备)
  • 一般状况:weather(天气)、traffic(交通)

与不可数名词连用 some、much、a little 或 a lot of。

当需要计数时,使用容器、数量或单位。

结构

结构 示例
不可数名词 + 单数动词 The information is useful.
some + 不可数名词 We need some water.
much + 不可数名词 How much money do you have?
a little + 不可数名词 Add a little sugar.
a lot of + 不可数名词 She has a lot of work.
数量 + of + 不可数名词 I bought two bottles of milk.

通常不要在不可数名词前直接使用 a 或 an。

  • 正确:some advice
  • 错误:an advice

要计数不可数名词,使用合适的单位或表达:

  • a piece of advice
  • two pieces of information
  • a loaf of bread
  • three bottles of water
  • a cup of coffee
  • two items of luggage

示例

  1. I need some information about the hotel.
  2. There is a lot of traffic today.
  3. She gave me useful advice.
  4. We bought two bottles of water.
  5. This furniture is very expensive.
  6. How much money do you need?
  7. He has a little homework tonight.
  8. The weather is warm and sunny.
  9. Please buy a loaf of bread.
  10. Their luggage is already in the car.

例外

有些名词根据其含义可以是可数或不可数的。

  • coffee 当指一般意义上的饮料时是不可数的:I drink coffee every morning.
  • a coffee 指一杯或一份:We ordered two coffees.
  • chicken 当指食物时是不可数的:We ate chicken.
  • a chicken 指一只动物:They have five chickens.
  • paper 当指材料时是不可数的:I need some paper.
  • a paper 可以指文件、文章或报纸:She wrote a paper.

常见错误

  1. 错误: I need an advice. 正确: I need some advice. 解释: Advice 是不可数名词,所以不要使用 an。

  2. 错误: She gave me two advices. 正确: She gave me two pieces of advice. 解释: Advice 通常没有复数形式。

  3. 错误: These informations are useful. 正确: This information is useful. 解释: Information 是不可数名词,用单数动词。

  4. 错误: We bought three breads. 正确: We bought three loaves of bread. 解释: 用数量表达来计数 bread。

  5. 错误: How many money do you have? 正确: How much money do you have? 解释: 与不可数名词连用 how much。

  6. 错误: The furnitures are new. 正确: The furniture is new. 解释: Furniture 是不可数名词,通常没有复数形式。

  7. 错误: I have many homework today. 正确: I have a lot of homework today. 解释: 与不可数名词连用 much 或 a lot of,而不是 many。