Cos'è?
Be going to si usa per parlare di piani futuri, intenzioni e previsioni basate su evidenze presenti.
Si forma con la forma corretta di be, seguita da going to e dalla forma base di un verbo.
- I am going to travel next month.
- She is going to study tonight.
- They are going to move soon.
La forma di be cambia in base al soggetto.
Quando si usa
Usa be going to per un piano o un'intenzione futura che è già stata decisa.
- I am going to call my mother tonight.
- We are going to buy a new table.
- He is going to start a new job.
Usa be going to per una previsione basata su qualcosa che puoi vedere o sapere ora.
- Look at those clouds. It is going to rain.
- That glass is going to fall.
- She studied very hard. She is going to pass the test.
Di solito non si usa going to per una decisione presa nel momento esatto in cui si parla. Will è più comune per questo tipo di decisione.
- The phone is ringing. I will answer it.
Struttura
Frasi affermative
Usa:
soggetto + am/is/are + going to + verbo base
| Soggetto | Be | Going to | Verbo base |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | am | going to | work |
| he, she, it | is | going to | work |
| you, we, they | are | going to | work |
- I am going to cook dinner.
- She is going to visit her friend.
- We are going to watch a film.
Le contrazioni comuni sono:
- I am → I’m
- he is → he’s
- she is → she’s
- it is → it’s
- you are → you’re
- we are → we’re
- they are → they’re
Frasi negative
Usa:
soggetto + am/is/are + not + going to + verbo base
- I am not going to stay long.
- He is not going to drive.
- They are not going to come.
Le contrazioni negative comuni sono:
- is not → isn’t
- are not → aren’t
Non esiste una contrazione standard per am not.
Domande
Usa:
am/is/are + soggetto + going to + verbo base?
- Are you going to study tonight?
- Is she going to join us?
- Are they going to travel this year?
Le risposte brevi usano il verbo be.
- Yes, I am.
- No, she isn’t.
- Yes, they are.
Parole interrogative
Usa:
parola interrogativa + am/is/are + soggetto + going to + verbo base?
- What are you going to cook?
- Where is he going to stay?
- When are they going to leave?
Il verbo principale "go"
Il verbo dopo going to può essere anche go.
- We are going to go shopping.
- She is going to go home.
Nell'inglese informale, i parlanti spesso evitano di ripetere going to go quando la destinazione è chiara.
- We are going shopping.
- She is going home.
Esempi
- I am going to clean the kitchen tonight.
- She is going to learn Spanish.
- We are going to visit our family this weekend.
- He is not going to sell his car.
- They are not going to stay at the hotel.
- Are you going to cook dinner?
- What are you going to wear?
- Look at the sky. It is going to snow.
- Be careful! You are going to drop that box.
- The team is going to win because it is playing very well.
Eccezioni
Going to normalmente descrive un tempo futuro, ma il verbo be deve comunque concordare con il soggetto.
- I am going to work.
- She is going to work.
- They are going to work.
Alcuni verbi non sono comunemente usati nelle forme continue, ma possono comunque seguire going to nella loro forma base.
- I am going to know the answer soon.
- She is going to understand the problem.
Nel parlato informale, going to è spesso pronunciato come gonna, ma gonna è di solito evitato nella scrittura formale.
- Discorso informale: I’m gonna call him.
- Scrittura standard: I’m going to call him.
Errori comuni
-
Errato: I going to study tonight. Corretto: I am going to study tonight. Spiegazione: Usa la forma corretta di be prima di going to.
-
Errato: She are going to travel. Corretto: She is going to travel. Spiegazione: Usa is con she.
-
Errato: They is going to buy a house. Corretto: They are going to buy a house. Spiegazione: Usa are con they.
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Errato: He is going to studies tonight. Corretto: He is going to study tonight. Spiegazione: Usa la forma base del verbo dopo going to.
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Errato: Are going to you call her? Corretto: Are you going to call her? Spiegazione: Metti il soggetto dopo am, is o are nelle domande.
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Errato: She not is going to come. Corretto: She is not going to come. Spiegazione: Metti not dopo il verbo be.
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Errato: Do you going to work tomorrow? Corretto: Are you going to work tomorrow? Spiegazione: Usa am, is o are, non do, per formare le domande.
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Errato: I am going to will call him. Corretto: I am going to call him. Spiegazione: Non usare will dopo going to.