यो के हो?
व्यक्तिवाचक सर्वनामहरू (Personal pronouns) छोटा शब्दहरू हुन् जुन नाम वा संज्ञाको सट्टामा प्रयोग गरिन्छ।
तिनीहरूले एउटै व्यक्ति, जनावर, स्थान वा वस्तुलाई दोहोर्याउनबाट बच्न मद्दत गर्छन्।
अंग्रेजीमा कर्ताकारक सर्वनाम (subject pronouns) र कर्मकारक सर्वनाम (object pronouns) हुन्छन्।
| कर्ताकारक सर्वनाम | कर्मकारक सर्वनाम |
|---|---|
| I | me |
| you | you |
| he | him |
| she | her |
| it | it |
| we | us |
| they | them |
कर्ताकारक सर्वनामहरूले क्रिया गर्नेलाई जनाउँछन्।
- She works here.
- They know my brother.
कर्मकारक सर्वनामहरूले क्रियाको कर्मलाई जनाउँछन् वा पूर्वसर्ग (preposition) पछि आउँछन्।
- I called her.
- He spoke to them.
कहिले प्रयोग गर्ने
क्रिया (verb) अघि कर्ताकारक सर्वनाम प्रयोग गर्नुहोस्।
- I live in Canada.
- You look tired.
- He plays football.
- She works at a hospital.
- It is very cold.
- We study English.
- They have two children.
क्रिया पछि कर्मकारक सर्वनाम प्रयोग गर्नुहोस्।
- She knows me.
- I can help you.
- We invited him.
- They called her.
- Please open it.
- He visited us.
- I saw them.
to, for, with, र from जस्ता पूर्वसर्गहरू पछि कर्मकारक सर्वनाम प्रयोग गर्नुहोस्।
- Talk to me.
- This gift is for her.
- Come with us.
- I received a message from them.
संरचना
कर्ताकारक सर्वनामहरू
प्रयोग गर्नुहोस्:
कर्ताकारक सर्वनाम + क्रिया
| सर्वनाम | प्रयोग | उदाहरण |
|---|---|---|
| I | वक्ता | I am ready. |
| you | सम्बोधन गरिएको व्यक्ति वा व्यक्तिहरू | You are welcome. |
| he | एक पुरुष व्यक्ति | He lives nearby. |
| she | एक महिला व्यक्ति | She speaks French. |
| it | एक वस्तु, जनावर, वा परिस्थिति | It looks expensive. |
| we | वक्ता र अन्य व्यक्तिहरू | We work together. |
| they | अन्य व्यक्तिहरू, जनावरहरू, वा वस्तुहरू | They are outside. |
कर्मकारक सर्वनामहरू
प्रयोग गर्नुहोस्:
कर्ता + क्रिया + कर्मकारक सर्वनाम
- She called me.
- I know him.
- We invited them.
प्रयोग गर्नुहोस्:
पूर्वसर्ग + कर्मकारक सर्वनाम
- with her
- for us
- from him
- to them
it को प्रयोग
it प्रयोग गर्नुहोस्:
- वस्तुको लागि: I bought a phone. It is new.
- जनावरको लागि जब यसको लिङ्ग अज्ञात वा महत्वहीन हुन्छ: The dog is outside. It is hungry.
- मौसमको लागि: It is raining.
- समयको लागि: It is six o’clock.
- दूरीको लागि: It is five kilometres away.
they को प्रयोग
they प्रयोग गर्नुहोस् बहुवचन व्यक्तिहरू, जनावरहरू, र वस्तुहरूको लागि।
- My parents are here. They are waiting.
- The books are new. They are expensive.
They ले एक व्यक्तिलाई पनि जनाउन सक्छ जब व्यक्तिको लिङ्ग अज्ञात, महत्वहीन, वा निर्दिष्ट नगरिएको हुन्छ।
- Someone left their phone. They may return for it.
उदाहरणहरू
- I work from home.
- She is my new manager.
- He called me yesterday.
- We invited them to dinner.
- The children are tired, so they are going to bed.
- This is my phone. It is very old.
- Can you help us?
- I spoke to her after work.
- My brother lives nearby, and I visit him often.
- Someone is at the door. They are waiting outside.
अपवादहरू
सर्वनाम I सधैं ठूलो अक्षरमा लेखिन्छ।
- Correct: Anna and I are friends.
- Incorrect: Anna and i are friends.
you एक व्यक्ति वा धेरै व्यक्तिहरूको लागि प्रयोग गर्नुहोस्।
- You are my friend.
- You are all welcome.
जनावरहरूलाई he वा she भन्न सकिन्छ जब तिनीहरूको लिङ्ग ज्ञात हुन्छ वा जब तिनीहरूलाई व्यक्तिको रूपमा व्यवहार गरिन्छ।
- This is my dog, Max. He is very friendly.
सामान्य मौसम, समय, र दूरी अभिव्यक्तिहरूको लागि it प्रयोग गर्नुहोस्, जब यसले कुनै विशेष संज्ञालाई प्रतिस्थापन नगरे पनि।
- It is sunny.
- It is midnight.
- It is far from here.
सामान्य गल्तीहरू
-
Incorrect: Me live in Canada. Correct: I live in Canada. Explanation: क्रिया अघि कर्ताकारक सर्वनाम I प्रयोग गर्नुहोस्।
-
Incorrect: She called I yesterday. Correct: She called me yesterday. Explanation: क्रिया पछि कर्मकारक सर्वनाम me प्रयोग गर्नुहोस्।
-
Incorrect: Him is my brother. Correct: He is my brother. Explanation: कर्ता (subject) को रूपमा कर्ताकारक सर्वनाम he प्रयोग गर्नुहोस्।
-
Incorrect: I spoke to she. Correct: I spoke to her. Explanation: पूर्वसर्ग पछि कर्मकारक सर्वनाम प्रयोग गर्नुहोस्।
-
Incorrect: My friends are here. He are waiting. Correct: My friends are here. They are waiting. Explanation: एकभन्दा बढी व्यक्तिको लागि they प्रयोग गर्नुहोस्।
-
Incorrect: The car is new. She is expensive. Correct: The car is new. It is expensive. Explanation: वस्तुको लागि it प्रयोग गर्नुहोस्।
-
Incorrect: Us work together. Correct: We work together. Explanation: क्रिया अघि कर्ताकारक सर्वनाम we प्रयोग गर्नुहोस्।
-
Incorrect: Please help we. Correct: Please help us. Explanation: क्रिया पछि कर्मकारक सर्वनाम us प्रयोग गर्नुहोस्।