Kaj je to?
Can, can’t, could in couldn’t so modalni glagoli.
Uporabljajo se za izražanje:
- sedanje sposobnosti
- pretekle sposobnosti
- dovoljenja
- prošenj
- možnosti
Can je trdilna oblika.
- I can swim.
Can’t je kratka oblika od cannot.
- I can’t drive.
Could se pogosto uporablja za preteklo sposobnost ali vljudne prošnje.
- She could read when she was four.
- Could you help me?
Couldn’t je kratka oblika od could not.
- We couldn’t find the address.
Kdaj uporabiti
Uporabite can za sedanjo sposobnost.
- He can speak English.
- I can cook.
Uporabite can’t, ko nekdo nečesa ne zmore.
- She can’t swim.
- We can’t come today.
Uporabite can za zaprosilo za dovoljenje ali dajanje dovoljenja.
- Can I use your phone?
- You can leave early.
Uporabite could za splošno sposobnost v preteklosti.
- I could run fast when I was younger.
- They could speak French as children.
Uporabite couldn’t za pomanjkanje sposobnosti ali neuspešno situacijo v preteklosti.
- He couldn’t read the sign.
- We couldn’t open the door.
Uporabite can ali could za prošnje.
- Can you close the window?
- Could you close the window?
Could je pri prošnjah običajno vljudnejši kot can.
Struktura
Za can, can’t, could in couldn’t uporabite nedoločnik (osnovno obliko glagola) brez to.
| Oblika | Struktura | Primer |
|---|---|---|
| Trdilna sedanjik | osebek + can + nedoločnik | She can drive. |
| Nikalna sedanjik | osebek + can’t + nedoločnik | She can’t drive. |
| Trdilni preteklik | osebek + could + nedoločnik | She could drive at eighteen. |
| Nikalni preteklik | osebek + couldn’t + nedoločnik | She couldn’t drive last year. |
Oblika je enaka za vse osebke.
- I can swim.
- He can swim.
- They can swim.
Ne dodajajte končnice -s za he, she ali it.
Vprašanja
Uporabite:
Can/Could + osebek + nedoločnik?
| Vrsta vprašanja | Primer |
|---|---|
| Sedanja sposobnost | Can you swim? |
| Dovoljenje | Can I sit here? |
| Prošnja | Can you help me? |
| Vljudna prošnja | Could you help me? |
| Pretekla sposobnost | Could she read at five? |
Kratki odgovori
- Can you drive? — Yes, I can.
- Can he come? — No, he can’t.
- Could they swim? — Yes, they could.
- Could she open it? — No, she couldn’t.
Primeri
- I can speak a little Spanish.
- She can’t come to work today.
- Can you help me with this box?
- Can I open the window?
- You can use my computer.
- He could swim when he was five.
- We couldn’t find a taxi last night.
- Could you speak more slowly, please?
- They could not hear the announcement.
- My brother can cook very well.
Izjeme
Uporabite could za splošno preteklo sposobnost.
- She could play the piano when she was young.
Za eno samo specifično uspešno dejanje v preteklosti je pogosto naravneje uporabiti was able to.
- We were able to fix the problem yesterday.
Vendar je couldn’t naravno za specifično neuspešno dejanje.
- We couldn’t fix the problem yesterday.
Cannot se piše kot ena beseda.
- Pravilno: cannot
- Nepravilno: can not
Oblika can not je možna le, kadar not pripada drugi besedni zvezi, vendar je ta raba redka.
Pogoste napake
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Nepravilno: She cans swim. Pravilno: She can swim. Pojasnilo: Modalnim glagolom ne dodajajte končnice -s.
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Nepravilno: I can to drive. Pravilno: I can drive. Pojasnilo: Za can uporabite nedoločnik brez to.
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Nepravilno: He could speaks English. Pravilno: He could speak English. Pojasnilo: Za could uporabite nedoločnik.
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Nepravilno: Do you can help me? Pravilno: Can you help me? Pojasnilo: Pri vprašanjih z can ne uporabljajte do.
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Nepravilno: I don’t can swim. Pravilno: I can’t swim. Pojasnilo: Uporabite can’t, ne don’t can.
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Nepravilno: She could to read at four. Pravilno: She could read at four. Pojasnilo: Za could ne uporabljajte to.
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Nepravilno: Can you helped me? Pravilno: Can you help me? Pojasnilo: Za can uporabite nedoločnik glagola.
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Nepravilno: I couldn’t found my keys. Pravilno: I couldn’t find my keys. Pojasnilo: Za couldn’t uporabite nedoločnik.