Kaj je to?
Past Simple se uporablja za dejanja, dogodke in stanja, ki so se začela in končala v preteklosti.
Primeri:
- Včeraj sem obiskal prijatelja.
- Prejšnji teden je delala od doma.
- Šli so v kino.
Pravilni glagoli običajno tvorijo Past Simple s končnico -ed.
- work → worked
- play → played
- clean → cleaned
Nepravilni glagoli imajo posebne oblike za preteklik.
- go → went
- see → saw
- buy → bought
- have → had
Kdaj se uporablja
Past Simple uporabljamo za:
- dokončana dejanja v preteklosti: Včeraj sem dokončal poročilo.
- niz dokončanih dejanj: Odprla je vrata, stopila noter in sedla.
- pretekle navade: Vsak dan smo se igrali zunaj.
- pretekla stanja, ki ne veljajo več: Pet let je živel v Londonu.
- dejanja v določenem preteklem času: Prispeli so ob 20. uri.
Pogosti pretekli časovni izrazi vključujejo:
- yesterday
- last night
- last week
- two days ago
- in 2020
- when I was a child
Zgradba
Trdilne povedi
Pri pravilnih glagolih uporabljamo:
osebek + glagol-ed
| Osebek | Glagol | Primer |
|---|---|---|
| I | worked | I worked yesterday. |
| She | played | She played tennis. |
| They | visited | They visited us. |
Pri nepravilnih glagolih uporabljamo posebno obliko za preteklik.
| Nedoločnik | Pretekla oblika | Primer |
|---|---|---|
| go | went | We went home. |
| see | saw | I saw Anna. |
| buy | bought | He bought a car. |
| take | took | She took the bus. |
Pretekla oblika je enaka za vse osebke.
- I worked.
- He worked.
- They worked.
Nikalne povedi
Uporabljamo:
osebek + did not + nedoločnik
Kratka oblika od did not je didn’t.
- I did not call him.
- She didn’t go to work.
- They didn’t understand the question.
Po didn’t uporabljamo nedoločnik glagola.
Vprašanja
Uporabljamo:
Did + osebek + nedoločnik?
- Did you call her?
- Did he finish the task?
- Did they arrive on time?
Kratki odgovori
- Did you see him? — Yes, I did.
- Did she call? — No, she didn’t.
- Did they leave? — Yes, they did.
Pravopis pravilnih glagolov
| Pravilo | Nedoločnik | Pretekla oblika |
|---|---|---|
| Večina glagolov: dodamo -ed | work | worked |
| Glagoli, ki se končajo na -e: dodamo -d | live | lived |
| Soglasnik + y: spremenimo y v i in dodamo -ed | study | studied |
| Kratek naglašen samoglasnik + soglasnik: podvojimo končni soglasnik | stop | stopped |
Primeri
- I watched a film last night.
- She called me yesterday.
- We visited our grandparents on Sunday.
- He bought a new laptop.
- They didn’t come to the meeting.
- I didn’t understand the question.
- Did you finish your homework?
- Did she take the bus?
- We lived in Calgary for three years.
- He opened the window and turned on the light.
Izjeme
Glagol to be ne uporablja did v vprašanjih in nikalnicah v Past Simple.
- I was tired.
- They were at home.
- She wasn’t ready.
- Were you busy?
Nekateri glagoli so nepravilni in ne uporabljajo -ed.
- come → came
- write → wrote
- make → made
- find → found
Nepravilne oblike se je treba naučiti posamično.
Pogoste napake
-
Nepravilno: I goed to work yesterday. Pravilno: I went to work yesterday. Pojasnilo: Go je nepravilen. Njegova pretekla oblika je went.
-
Nepravilno: She didn’t went home. Pravilno: She didn’t go home. Pojasnilo: Po didn’t uporabimo nedoločnik.
-
Nepravilno: Did you saw him? Pravilno: Did you see him? Pojasnilo: Po did uporabimo nedoločnik.
-
Nepravilno: He work yesterday. Pravilno: He worked yesterday. Pojasnilo: Za dokončano preteklo dejanje uporabimo Past Simple.
-
Nepravilno: They was late. Pravilno: They were late. Pojasnilo: Z they uporabimo were.
-
Nepravilno: I didn’t called her. Pravilno: I didn’t call her. Pojasnilo: Po didn’t ne uporabljamo pretekle oblike.
-
Nepravilno: Did she finished the task? Pravilno: Did she finish the task? Pojasnilo: Po did uporabimo nedoločnik.
-
Nepravilno: We studyed English yesterday. Pravilno: We studied English yesterday. Pojasnilo: Soglasnik + y spremenimo v i pred dodajanjem -ed.