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Slovnični vodnik

Usmerjanje javnega slovničnega vodnika je pripravljeno za lokalizirano vsebino.

A1 Beginner Slovnica English

Osebni zaimek

Kaj je to?

Osebni zaimek je kratka beseda, ki jo uporabljamo namesto imen ali samostalnikov.

Pomagajo nam, da ne ponavljamo iste osebe, živali, kraja ali stvari.

Angleščina ima osebne zaimke v imenovalniku (subject pronouns) in v tožilniku (object pronouns).

Osebni zaimek (imenovalnik) Osebni zaimek (tožilnik)
I me
you you
he him
she her
it it
we us
they them

Osebni zaimki v imenovalniku opravljajo dejanje.

  • She works here.
  • They know my brother.

Osebni zaimki v tožilniku prejemajo dejanje ali stojijo za predlogom.

  • I called her.
  • He spoke to them.

Kdaj jih uporabljamo

Osebne zaimke v imenovalniku uporabljamo pred glagolom.

  • I live in Canada.
  • You look tired.
  • He plays football.
  • She works at a hospital.
  • It is very cold.
  • We study English.
  • They have two children.

Osebne zaimke v tožilniku uporabljamo za glagolom.

  • She knows me.
  • I can help you.
  • We invited him.
  • They called her.
  • Please open it.
  • He visited us.
  • I saw them.

Osebne zaimke v tožilniku uporabljamo tudi za predlogi, kot so to, for, with in from.

  • Talk to me.
  • This gift is for her.
  • Come with us.
  • I received a message from them.

Zgradba

Osebni zaimki v imenovalniku

Uporaba:

osebni zaimek v imenovalniku + glagol

Zaimek Uporaba Primer
I govorec I am ready.
you oseba ali osebe, ki jim govorimo You are welcome.
he ena moška oseba He lives nearby.
she ena ženska oseba She speaks French.
it ena stvar, žival ali situacija It looks expensive.
we govorec in druge osebe We work together.
they druge osebe, živali ali stvari They are outside.

Osebni zaimki v tožilniku

Uporaba:

osebek + glagol + osebni zaimek v tožilniku

  • She called me.
  • I know him.
  • We invited them.

Uporaba:

predlog + osebni zaimek v tožilniku

  • with her
  • for us
  • from him
  • to them

Uporaba zaimka it

Zaimek it uporabljamo za:

  • stvar: I bought a phone. It is new.
  • žival, kadar njen spol ni znan ali ni pomemben: The dog is outside. It is hungry.
  • vreme: It is raining.
  • čas: It is six o’clock.
  • razdaljo: It is five kilometres away.

Uporaba zaimka they

Zaimek they uporabljamo za množino oseb, živali in stvari.

  • My parents are here. They are waiting.
  • The books are new. They are expensive.

They se lahko nanaša tudi na eno osebo, kadar je spol neznan, nepomemben ali ni določen.

  • Someone left their phone. They may return for it.

Primeri

  1. I work from home.
  2. She is my new manager.
  3. He called me yesterday.
  4. We invited them to dinner.
  5. The children are tired, so they are going to bed.
  6. This is my phone. It is very old.
  7. Can you help us?
  8. I spoke to her after work.
  9. My brother lives nearby, and I visit him often.
  10. Someone is at the door. They are waiting outside.

Izjeme

Zaimek I se vedno piše z veliko začetnico.

  • Pravilno: Anna and I are friends.
  • Nepravilno: Anna and i are friends.

Zaimek you uporabljamo za eno osebo ali več oseb.

  • You are my friend.
  • You are all welcome.

Živali lahko imenujemo he ali she, kadar poznamo njihov spol ali kadar jih obravnavamo kot posameznike.

  • This is my dog, Max. He is very friendly.

Zaimek it uporabljamo za splošne izraze o vremenu, času in razdalji, tudi kadar ne nadomešča določenega samostalnika.

  • It is sunny.
  • It is midnight.
  • It is far from here.

Pogoste napake

  1. Nepravilno: Me live in Canada. Pravilno: I live in Canada. Pojasnilo: Pred glagolom uporabimo osebni zaimek v imenovalniku I.

  2. Nepravilno: She called I yesterday. Pravilno: She called me yesterday. Pojasnilo: Za glagolom uporabimo osebni zaimek v tožilniku me.

  3. Nepravilno: Him is my brother. Pravilno: He is my brother. Pojasnilo: Kot osebek uporabimo osebni zaimek v imenovalniku he.

  4. Nepravilno: I spoke to she. Pravilno: I spoke to her. Pojasnilo: Za predlogom uporabimo osebni zaimek v tožilniku.

  5. Nepravilno: My friends are here. He are waiting. Pravilno: My friends are here. They are waiting. Pojasnilo: Za več kot eno osebo uporabimo they.

  6. Nepravilno: The car is new. She is expensive. Pravilno: The car is new. It is expensive. Pojasnilo: Za stvar uporabimo it.

  7. Nepravilno: Us work together. Pravilno: We work together. Pojasnilo: Pred glagolom uporabimo osebni zaimek v imenovalniku we.

  8. Nepravilno: Please help we. Pravilno: Please help us. Pojasnilo: Za glagolom uporabimo osebni zaimek v tožilniku us.