Slovnični vodnik

Kaj je to?

Presežniški pridevniki se uporabljajo za primerjavo ene osebe, stvari, kraja ali situacije z vsemi drugimi v skupini.

Izražajo najvišjo ali najnižjo stopnjo lastnosti.

V angleščini presežniški pridevniki običajno uporabljajo določni člen the.

• tall → the tallest
• fast → the fastest
• beautiful → the most beautiful
• expensive → the most expensive

Pogoste oblike:

Kdaj uporabiti

Presežniški pridevnik uporabite, ko primerjate eno osebo ali stvar s celotno skupino.

• Emma is the tallest student in the class.
• This is the cheapest phone in the store.

Presežnike uporabite za opis najvišje stopnje lastnosti.

• It is the hottest day of the week.
• He is the fastest runner on the team.

Uporabite the most + adjective pri mnogih daljših pridevnikih.

• This is the most interesting book here.
• That is the most expensive restaurant in town.

Uporabite the least + adjective za najnižjo stopnjo lastnosti.

• This is the least difficult exercise.
• It is the least expensive option.

Struktura

Pri mnogih kratkih pridevnikih dodajte -est.

Subject + be + the + adjective-est + noun/complement

• tall → the tallest
• small → the smallest
• fast → the fastest

Primer:

Leo is the tallest student in the class.

Če se pridevnik konča na -e, dodajte samo -st.

• nice → the nicest
• large → the largest

Če se kratek pridevnik konča na en samoglasnik + en soglasnik, se končni soglasnik pogosto podvoji.

• big → the biggest
• hot → the hottest

Če se pridevnik konča na soglasnik + -y, spremenite y v i in dodajte -est.

• happy → the happiest
• easy → the easiest

Pri mnogih daljših pridevnikih uporabite the most.

Subject + be + the most + adjective + noun/complement

• the most beautiful
• the most comfortable
• the most important

Primer:

This is the most comfortable chair in the room.

Za prikaz najnižje stopnje uporabite the least.

Subject + be + the least + adjective + noun/complement

Primer:

This is the least expensive hotel nearby.

Nekateri pogosti pridevniki imajo nepravilne presežniške oblike.

Skupino, s katero se primerja, pogosto uvedemo z in ali of.

• the tallest student in the class
• the best day of the week

Primeri

1. Mia is the tallest girl in her class.
2. This is the smallest room in the house.
3. August is the hottest month here.
4. That was the easiest question on the test.
5. This is the most comfortable chair in the office.
6. He bought the most expensive phone in the store.
7. This is the least difficult task today.
8. She is the best player on the team.
9. That was the worst day of my week.
10. It is the furthest shop from my home.

Izjeme

Nekateri pridevniki imajo nepravilne presežniške oblike.

• good → the best
• bad → the worst
• far → the farthest / the furthest

Običajno ne uporabljajte hkrati most in -est z istim pridevnikom.

Uporabite:

the tallest

ne:

the most tallest

Določni člen the se običajno uporablja pred presežniškim pridevnikom, ko pridevnik opisuje samostalnik.

• She is the fastest runner.
• This is the best option.

Ko samostalnik že določa svojilna beseda, se the ne uporablja.

• my best friend
• her biggest problem
• our most important task

Nekateri dvozložni pridevniki lahko uporabljajo bodisi -est bodisi most, odvisno od pridevnika in rabe.

• the cleverest / the most clever
• the quietest / the most quiet

Pogoste napake

1. Incorrect: She is tallest student in the class. Correct: She is the tallest student in the class. Explanation: Presežniški pridevniki običajno uporabljajo the pred pridevnikom.

2. Incorrect: This is most expensive car here. Correct: This is the most expensive car here. Explanation: Uporabite the pred most + adjective v presežniku.

3. Incorrect: He is the most tallest boy in the group. Correct: He is the tallest boy in the group. Explanation: Ne uporabljajte hkrati most in -est z istim pridevnikom.

4. Incorrect: This is the beautifullest place here. Correct: This is the most beautiful place here. Explanation: Daljši pridevniki običajno uporabljajo the most namesto -est.

5. Incorrect: Today is the hotest day of the week. Correct: Today is the hottest day of the week. Explanation: Podvojite končni soglasnik v hot pred dodajanjem -est.

6. Incorrect: This is the easyest question. Correct: This is the easiest question. Explanation: Pri pridevnikih, ki se končajo na soglasnik + y, spremenite y v i pred dodajanjem -est.

7. Incorrect: He is my the best friend. Correct: He is my best friend. Explanation: Ne uporabljajte the, ko samostalnik že določa svojilna beseda, kot je my.