Kaj je to?
Glagol to be se uporablja za opisovanje ljudi, stvari, krajev, občutkov, starosti, poklicev in situacij.
Sedanje oblike so:
- am
- is
- are
Uporabite am z I.
- I am tired.
Uporabite is z he, she in it.
- He is at home.
- She is a teacher.
- It is cold.
Uporabite are z you, we in they.
- You are ready.
- We are friends.
- They are busy.
Kdaj uporabiti
Uporabite to be za pogovor o:
- identiteti: I am Daniel.
- poklicih: She is a nurse.
- starosti: He is twenty years old.
- občutkih: We are happy.
- opisih: The room is small.
- lokacijah: They are at work.
- narodnosti: She is Canadian.
- vremenu in času: It is cold. It is six o’clock.
Uporabite nikalne oblike, da poveste, da nekaj ni res.
- I am not tired.
- He is not at home.
- They are not ready.
Uporabite vprašanja za poizvedovanje o identiteti, stanju, lokaciji, starosti ali opisu.
- Are you tired?
- Is she at work?
- Are they students?
Struktura
Trdilne povedi
Uporabite:
osebek + am/is/are + dopolnilo
| Osebek | Oblika | Primer |
|---|---|---|
| I | am | I am ready. |
| he / she / it | is | She is busy. |
| you / we / they | are | They are outside. |
Pogoste okrajšave so:
| Polna oblika | Kratka oblika |
|---|---|
| I am | I’m |
| he is | he’s |
| she is | she’s |
| it is | it’s |
| you are | you’re |
| we are | we’re |
| they are | they’re |
Nikalne povedi
Uporabite:
osebek + am/is/are + not + dopolnilo
| Osebek | Polna oblika | Kratka oblika |
|---|---|---|
| I | am not | I’m not |
| he / she / it | is not | isn’t |
| you / we / they | are not | aren’t |
Primeri:
- I’m not hungry.
- She isn’t at home.
- We aren’t late.
Oblike he’s not, she’s not, you’re not in they’re not so prav tako pravilne.
Vprašanja
Postavite am, is ali are pred osebek.
am/is/are + osebek + dopolnilo?
| Trditev | Vprašanje |
|---|---|
| You are tired. | Are you tired? |
| She is at work. | Is she at work? |
| They are ready. | Are they ready? |
| I am late. | Am I late? |
Kratki odgovori
V kratkih odgovorih uporabite am, is ali are.
- Are you ready? — Yes, I am.
- Is he at home? — No, he isn’t.
- Are they busy? — Yes, they are.
- Is she a doctor? — No, she isn’t.
V kratkih odgovorih običajno ne uporabljajte trdilnih okrajšav.
- Pravilno: Yes, I am.
- Nepravilno: Yes, I’m.
Primeri
- I am a software developer.
- She is very tired today.
- They are at the bus stop.
- I’m not hungry.
- He isn’t at work.
- We aren’t ready yet.
- Are you from Canada?
- Is your brother at home?
- Are the children tired?
- Why is the door open?
Izjeme
V formalnih vprašanjih uporabite am I not?.
- Am I not invited?
V vsakdanji angleščini je aren’t I? pogost v nikalnih vprašanjih in vprašalnih repih.
- Aren’t I invited?
- I’m late, aren’t I?
Ne uporabljajte do, does ali did z to be.
- Pravilno: Is she tired?
- Nepravilno: Does she be tired?
Glagol to be ne zahteva ločenega glavnega glagola pri preprostih opisih.
- She is happy.
- They are at home.
Pogoste napake
-
Nepravilno: I is tired. Pravilno: I am tired. Pojasnilo: Uporabite am z I.
-
Nepravilno: They is at home. Pravilno: They are at home. Pojasnilo: Uporabite are z they.
-
Nepravilno: She not is ready. Pravilno: She is not ready. Pojasnilo: Postavite not za is.
-
Nepravilno: I don’t am hungry. Pravilno: I am not hungry. Pojasnilo: Ne uporabljajte do z to be.
-
Nepravilno: Does he be at work? Pravilno: Is he at work? Pojasnilo: Postavite is pred osebek, da tvorite vprašanje.
-
Nepravilno: Are she tired? Pravilno: Is she tired? Pojasnilo: Uporabite is z she.
-
Nepravilno: Is they ready? Pravilno: Are they ready? Pojasnilo: Uporabite are z they.
-
Nepravilno: Yes, I’m. Pravilno: Yes, I am. Pojasnilo: V kratkem odgovoru običajno ne uporabljajte trdilne okrajšave.