Ghid de gramatică

Ce este?

Past Simple este folosit pentru a vorbi despre acțiuni, evenimente și situații care au început și s-au terminat în trecut.

Exemple:

• I visited my friend yesterday.
• She worked from home last week.
• They went to the cinema.

Verbele regulate formează de obicei Past Simple cu -ed.

• work → worked
• play → played
• clean → cleaned

Verbele neregulate au forme speciale de trecut.

• go → went
• see → saw
• buy → bought
• have → had

Când se folosește

Folosește Past Simple pentru:

• acțiuni încheiate în trecut: I finished the report yesterday.
• o serie de acțiuni încheiate: She opened the door, walked inside, and sat down.
• obiceiuri din trecut: We played outside every day.
• situații din trecut care nu mai sunt adevărate: He lived in London for five years.
• acțiuni la un moment specific din trecut: They arrived at 8 p.m.

Expresii comune de timp trecut includ:

• yesterday
• last night
• last week
• two days ago
• in 2020
• when I was a child

Structură

Propoziții afirmative

Pentru verbe regulate, folosește:

subject + verb-ed

Pentru verbe neregulate, folosește forma specială de trecut.

Forma de trecut este aceeași pentru fiecare subiect.

• I worked.
• He worked.
• They worked.

Propoziții negative

Folosește:

subject + did not + verb de bază

Forma scurtă a lui did not este didn’t.

• I did not call him.
• She didn’t go to work.
• They didn’t understand the question.

După didn’t, folosește forma de bază a verbului.

Întrebări

Folosește:

Did + subject + verb de bază?

• Did you call her?
• Did he finish the task?
• Did they arrive on time?

Răspunsuri scurte

• Did you see him? — Yes, I did.
• Did she call? — No, she didn’t.
• Did they leave? — Yes, they did.

Ortografia verbelor regulate

Exemple

1. I watched a film last night.
2. She called me yesterday.
3. We visited our grandparents on Sunday.
4. He bought a new laptop.
5. They didn’t come to the meeting.
6. I didn’t understand the question.
7. Did you finish your homework?
8. Did she take the bus?
9. We lived in Calgary for three years.
10. He opened the window and turned on the light.

Excepții

Verbul to be nu folosește did în întrebările și negativele la Past Simple.

• I was tired.
• They were at home.
• She wasn’t ready.
• Were you busy?

Unele verbe sunt neregulate și nu folosesc -ed.

• come → came
• write → wrote
• make → made
• find → found

Formele neregulate trebuie învățate individual.

Greșeli comune

1. Incorect: I goed to work yesterday. Corect: I went to work yesterday. Explicație: Go este neregulat. Forma sa de trecut este went.

2. Incorect: She didn’t went home. Corect: She didn’t go home. Explicație: Folosește verbul de bază după didn’t.

3. Incorect: Did you saw him? Corect: Did you see him? Explicație: Folosește verbul de bază după did.

4. Incorect: He work yesterday. Corect: He worked yesterday. Explicație: Folosește forma de Past Simple pentru o acțiune încheiată în trecut.

5. Incorect: They was late. Corect: They were late. Explicație: Folosește were cu they.

6. Incorect: I didn’t called her. Corect: I didn’t call her. Explicație: Nu folosi forma de trecut după didn’t.

7. Incorect: Did she finished the task? Corect: Did she finish the task? Explicație: Folosește forma de bază după did.

8. Incorect: We studyed English yesterday. Corect: We studied English yesterday. Explicație: Schimbă consoana + y în i înainte de a adăuga -ed.