Ghid de gramatică

Ce este?

Present Continuous este folosit pentru a vorbi despre acțiuni care se întâmplă acum sau în jurul momentului prezent.

Se formează cu forma de prezent a verbului to be și un verb care se termină în -ing.

Exemple:

• I am working.
• She is reading.
• They are playing outside.

Formele scurte sunt frecvente în engleza de zi cu zi.

• I am → I’m
• he is → he’s
• she is → she’s
• it is → it’s
• we are → we’re
• you are → you’re
• they are → they’re

Când se folosește

Folosește Present Continuous pentru:

• acțiuni care se întâmplă acum: She is talking on the phone.
• acțiuni care se întâmplă în jurul momentului prezent: I am reading a new book this week.
• situații temporare: He is staying with friends.
• situații în schimbare: The weather is getting colder.
• aranjamente viitoare planificate: We are meeting them tomorrow.
• acțiuni repetate care sunt enervante, adesea cu always: He is always losing his keys.

Structură

Propoziții afirmative

Folosește:

subject + am/is/are + verb-ing

Propoziții negative

Folosește:

subject + am/is/are + not + verb-ing

Exemple:

• I’m not sleeping.
• He isn’t listening.
• We aren’t waiting.

Întrebări

Folosește:

Am/Is/Are + subject + verb-ing?

• Am I speaking too quickly?
• Is she working today?
• Are they coming with us?

Răspunsuri scurte

• Are you studying? — Yes, I am.
• Is he sleeping? — No, he isn’t.
• Are they waiting? — Yes, they are.

Ortografia formelor de -ing

Exemple

1. I am writing an email.
2. She is cooking dinner.
3. They are playing in the garden.
4. We aren’t watching television.
5. He isn’t working today.
6. Are you waiting for the bus?
7. Is your brother sleeping?
8. The weather is getting warmer.
9. I am staying with my parents this week.
10. We are meeting Sarah tomorrow evening.

Excepții

Unele verbe nu sunt folosite în mod normal la forme continue pentru că descriu stări, gânduri, sentimente, posesie sau senzații.

Exemple comune includ:

• know
• believe
• understand
• want
• need
• like
• love
• hate
• own
• belong

Folosește Present Simple cu aceste sensuri.

• Corect: I know the answer.
• Incorect: I am knowing the answer.
• Corect: She wants some water.
• Incorect: She is wanting some water.

Unele verbe pot fi folosite în ambele forme atunci când sensul lor se schimbă.

• I think he is right. — Aceasta este opinia mea.
• I am thinking about the problem. — Aceasta este o activitate mentală care se întâmplă acum.

Greșeli frecvente

1. Incorect: She working now. Corect: She is working now. Explicație: Folosește am, is sau are înaintea verbului cu -ing.

2. Incorect: I am work today. Corect: I am working today. Explicație: Folosește forma de -ing după am.

3. Incorect: They is playing outside. Corect: They are playing outside. Explicație: Folosește are cu they.

4. Incorect: He is play football. Corect: He is playing football. Explicație: Adaugă -ing la verbul principal.

5. Incorect: Are she studying? Corect: Is she studying? Explicație: Folosește is cu she.

6. Incorect: I don’t working now. Corect: I’m not working now. Explicație: Folosește am not, nu don’t, la negativul Present Continuous.

7. Incorect: Does he sleeping? Corect: Is he sleeping? Explicație: Nu folosi does în întrebările la Present Continuous.

8. Incorect: She is makeing dinner. Corect: She is making dinner. Explicație: Elimină -e mut înainte de a adăuga -ing.