Ghid de gramatică

Ce este?

There is și there are sunt folosite pentru a spune că ceva există sau este prezent.

Folosește there is cu:

• o persoană sau un lucru
• substantive nearticulate (nenumărabile)

Folosește there are cu:

• două sau mai multe persoane sau lucruri

Exemple:

• There is a book on the table.
• There is some milk in the fridge.
• There are three chairs in the room.

Forma scurtă a lui there is este there’s.

• There’s a café near my house.

Când se folosește

Folosește there is și there are pentru a:

• introduce informații noi
• descrie locuri
• spune ce este disponibil
• spune câte persoane sau lucruri sunt prezente
• vorbi despre evenimente sau probleme

Exemple:

• There is a bank next to the station.
• There are two bathrooms in the apartment.
• There is some food in the kitchen.
• There are many people outside.
• There is a problem with the computer.

Structură

Propoziții afirmative

Folosește:

there is + substantiv singular

• There is a shop nearby.
• There is one window in the room.

Folosește:

there is + substantiv nearticulat (nenumărabil)

• There is some water in the bottle.
• There is a lot of traffic today.

Folosește:

there are + substantiv plural

• There are two shops nearby.
• There are several windows in the room.

Propoziții negative

Folosește:

there is not + substantiv singular sau nearticulat (nenumărabil)

• There is not a pharmacy nearby.
• There is not much time.

Forma scurtă este there isn’t.

Folosește:

there are not + substantiv plural

• There are not enough chairs.
• There are not any shops nearby.

Forma scurtă este there aren’t.

Întrebări

Folosește:

Is there + substantiv singular sau nearticulat (nenumărabil)?

• Is there a bathroom here?
• Is there any coffee left?

Folosește:

Are there + substantiv plural?

• Are there any questions?
• Are there two bedrooms?

Răspunsuri scurte

• Is there a bank nearby? — Yes, there is.
• Is there any milk? — No, there isn’t.
• Are there any tickets left? — Yes, there are.
• Are there many people? — No, there aren’t.

Folosirea lui some și any

Folosește some în principal în propoziții afirmative.

• There is some bread.
• There are some apples.

Folosește any în principal în propoziții negative și întrebări.

• There isn’t any bread.
• Are there any apples?

Exemple

1. There is a supermarket near my house.
2. There are two cats in the garden.
3. There is some coffee in the kitchen.
4. There isn’t a bus stop on this street.
5. There aren’t any clean cups.
6. Is there a hotel near the airport?
7. Are there any messages for me?
8. There is a lot of traffic this morning.
9. There are several books on the desk.
10. There’s a meeting at three o’clock.

Excepții

În vorbirea informală, there’s este uneori folosit înaintea unui substantiv plural.

• There’s two people outside.

Acest lucru este comun în conversație, dar there are este forma standard.

• There are two people outside.

Expresia there is nu înseamnă același lucru cu it is.

• There is a café near the station. — Un café există acolo.
• It is near the station. — O persoană sau un lucru cunoscut este lângă stație.

Folosește there was și there were pentru trecut.

• There was a problem yesterday.
• There were many people at the event.

Greșeli frecvente

1. Incorect: There are a book on the table. Corect: There is a book on the table. Explicație: Folosește there is cu un substantiv singular.

2. Incorect: There is two chairs in the room. Corect: There are two chairs in the room. Explicație: Folosește there are cu substantive la plural.

3. Incorect: There are some milk in the fridge. Corect: There is some milk in the fridge. Explicație: Folosește there is cu substantive nearticulate (nenumărabile).

4. Incorect: Is there any shops nearby? Corect: Are there any shops nearby? Explicație: Folosește are there cu substantive la plural.

5. Incorect: There isn’t no food. Corect: There isn’t any food. Explicație: Evită dubla negație. Folosește any după isn’t.

6. Incorect: Are there a bathroom here? Corect: Is there a bathroom here? Explicație: Folosește is there cu un substantiv singular.

7. Incorect: It is a problem with the door. Corect: There is a problem with the door. Explicație: Folosește there is pentru a introduce ceva care există.

8. Incorect: There have many people outside. Corect: There are many people outside. Explicație: Folosește there are, nu there have, pentru a vorbi despre persoane sau lucruri care sunt prezente.