ຄູ່ມືໄວຍາກອນ

ມັນແມ່ນຫຍັງ?

ຄຳແທນນາມສ່ວນບຸກຄົນແມ່ນຄຳສັ້ນໆທີ່ໃຊ້ແທນຊື່ ຫຼື ນາມ.

ພວກມັນຊ່ວຍຫຼີກລ່ຽງການເວົ້າຊ້ຳຄົນ, ສັດ, ສະຖານທີ່, ຫຼື ສິ່ງຂອງອັນດຽວກັນ.

ພາສາອັງກິດມີຄຳແທນນາມທີ່ເປັນປະທານ ແລະ ຄຳແທນນາມທີ່ເປັນກຳມະ.

ຄຳແທນນາມທີ່ເປັນປະທານເຮັດໜ້າທີ່ເປັນຜູ້ກະທຳ.

• She works here.
• They know my brother.

ຄຳແທນນາມທີ່ເປັນກຳມະຮັບການກະທຳ ຫຼື ມາຫຼັງຄຳບຸບບົດ.

• I called her.
• He spoke to them.

ເວລາໃດທີ່ຄວນໃຊ້

ໃຊ້ຄຳແທນນາມທີ່ເປັນປະທານກ່ອນຄຳກຳມະ.

• I live in Canada.
• You look tired.
• He plays football.
• She works at a hospital.
• It is very cold.
• We study English.
• They have two children.

ໃຊ້ຄຳແທນນາມທີ່ເປັນກຳມະຫຼັງຄຳກຳມະ.

• She knows me.
• I can help you.
• We invited him.
• They called her.
• Please open it.
• He visited us.
• I saw them.

ໃຊ້ຄຳແທນນາມທີ່ເປັນກຳມະຫຼັງຄຳບຸບບົດເຊັ່ນ to, for, with, ແລະ from.

• Talk to me.
• This gift is for her.
• Come with us.
• I received a message from them.

ໂຄງສ້າງ

ຄຳແທນນາມທີ່ເປັນປະທານ

ໃຊ້:

ຄຳແທນນາມທີ່ເປັນປະທານ + ຄຳກຳມະ

ຄຳແທນນາມທີ່ເປັນກຳມະ

ໃຊ້:

ປະທານ + ຄຳກຳມະ + ຄຳແທນນາມທີ່ເປັນກຳມະ

• She called me.
• I know him.
• We invited them.

ໃຊ້:

ຄຳບຸບບົດ + ຄຳແທນນາມທີ່ເປັນກຳມະ

• with her
• for us
• from him
• to them

ການໃຊ້ it

ໃຊ້ it ສຳລັບ:

• ສິ່ງຂອງ: I bought a phone. It is new.
• ສັດເມື່ອບໍ່ຮູ້ເພດ ຫຼື ບໍ່ສຳຄັນ: The dog is outside. It is hungry.
• ສະພາບອາກາດ: It is raining.
• ເວລາ: It is six o’clock.
• ໄລຍະທາງ: It is five kilometres away.

ການໃຊ້ they

ໃຊ້ they ສຳລັບຄົນ, ສັດ, ແລະ ສິ່ງຂອງຫຼາຍອັນ.

• My parents are here. They are waiting.
• The books are new. They are expensive.

They ຍັງສາມາດໃຊ້ເພື່ອອ້າງເຖິງຄົນດຽວເມື່ອບໍ່ຮູ້ເພດ, ບໍ່ສຳຄັນ, ຫຼື ບໍ່ໄດ້ລະບຸ.

• Someone left their phone. They may return for it.

ຕົວຢ່າງ

1. I work from home.
2. She is my new manager.
3. He called me yesterday.
4. We invited them to dinner.
5. The children are tired, so they are going to bed.
6. This is my phone. It is very old.
7. Can you help us?
8. I spoke to her after work.
9. My brother lives nearby, and I visit him often.
10. Someone is at the door. They are waiting outside.

ຂໍ້ຍົກເວັ້ນ

ຄຳແທນນາມ I ມັກຂຽນດ້ວຍຕົວພິມໃຫຍ່ສະເໝີ.

• ຖືກຕ້ອງ: Anna and I are friends.
• ບໍ່ຖືກຕ້ອງ: Anna and i are friends.

ໃຊ້ you ສຳລັບຄົນດຽວ ຫຼື ຫຼາຍຄົນ.

• You are my friend.
• You are all welcome.

ສັດສາມາດເອີ້ນວ່າ he ຫຼື she ເມື່ອຮູ້ເພດ ຫຼື ເມື່ອຖືວ່າພວກມັນເປັນບຸກຄົນ.

• This is my dog, Max. He is very friendly.

ໃຊ້ it ສຳລັບການສະແດງສະພາບອາກາດ, ເວລາ, ແລະ ໄລຍະທາງທົ່ວໄປ, ເຖິງແມ່ນວ່າມັນບໍ່ໄດ້ແທນນາມສະເພາະ.

• It is sunny.
• It is midnight.
• It is far from here.

ຂໍ້ຜິດພາດທົ່ວໄປ

1. ບໍ່ຖືກຕ້ອງ: Me live in Canada. ຖືກຕ້ອງ: I live in Canada. ຄຳອະທິບາຍ: ໃຊ້ຄຳແທນນາມທີ່ເປັນປະທານ I ກ່ອນຄຳກຳມະ.

2. ບໍ່ຖືກຕ້ອງ: She called I yesterday. ຖືກຕ້ອງ: She called me yesterday. ຄຳອະທິບາຍ: ໃຊ້ຄຳແທນນາມທີ່ເປັນກຳມະ me ຫຼັງຄຳກຳມະ.

3. ບໍ່ຖືກຕ້ອງ: Him is my brother. ຖືກຕ້ອງ: He is my brother. ຄຳອະທິບາຍ: ໃຊ້ຄຳແທນນາມທີ່ເປັນປະທານ he ເປັນປະທານ.

4. ບໍ່ຖືກຕ້ອງ: I spoke to she. ຖືກຕ້ອງ: I spoke to her. ຄຳອະທິບາຍ: ໃຊ້ຄຳແທນນາມທີ່ເປັນກຳມະຫຼັງຄຳບຸບບົດ.

5. ບໍ່ຖືກຕ້ອງ: My friends are here. He are waiting. ຖືກຕ້ອງ: My friends are here. They are waiting. ຄຳອະທິບາຍ: ໃຊ້ they ສຳລັບຫຼາຍຄົນ.

6. ບໍ່ຖືກຕ້ອງ: The car is new. She is expensive. ຖືກຕ້ອງ: The car is new. It is expensive. ຄຳອະທິບາຍ: ໃຊ້ it ສຳລັບສິ່ງຂອງ.

7. ບໍ່ຖືກຕ້ອງ: Us work together. ຖືກຕ້ອງ: We work together. ຄຳອະທິບາຍ: ໃຊ້ຄຳແທນນາມທີ່ເປັນປະທານ we ກ່ອນຄຳກຳມະ.

8. ບໍ່ຖືກຕ້ອງ: Please help we. ຖືກຕ້ອງ: Please help us. ຄຳອະທິບາຍ: ໃຊ້ຄຳແທນນາມທີ່ເປັນກຳມະ us ຫຼັງຄຳກຳມະ.