ຄູ່ມືໄວຍາກອນ

ມັນແມ່ນຫຍັງ?

There is ແລະ there are ຖືກໃຊ້ເພື່ອເວົ້າວ່າບາງສິ່ງມີຢູ່ ຫຼື ປະກົດຢູ່.

ໃຊ້ there is ກັບ:

• ຄົນ ຫຼື ສິ່ງຂອງອັນດຽວ
• ຄຳນາມນັບບໍ່ໄດ້

ໃຊ້ there are ກັບ:

• ຄົນ ຫຼື ສິ່ງຂອງສອງອັນຂຶ້ນໄປ

ຕົວຢ່າງ:

• There is a book on the table.
• There is some milk in the fridge.
• There are three chairs in the room.

ຮູບແບບຫຍໍ້ຂອງ there is ແມ່ນ there’s.

• There’s a café near my house.

ເວລາໃດທີ່ຄວນໃຊ້

ໃຊ້ there is ແລະ there are ເພື່ອ:

• ແນະນຳຂໍ້ມູນໃໝ່
• ອະທິບາຍສະຖານທີ່
• ເວົ້າວ່າມີຫຍັງໃຫ້ໃຊ້
• ເວົ້າວ່າມີຄົນ ຫຼື ສິ່ງຂອງຈັກອັນ
• ເວົ້າເຖິງເຫດການ ຫຼື ບັນຫາ

ຕົວຢ່າງ:

• There is a bank next to the station.
• There are two bathrooms in the apartment.
• There is some food in the kitchen.
• There are many people outside.
• There is a problem with the computer.

ໂຄງສ້າງ

ປະໂຫຍກບອກເລົ່າ

ໃຊ້:

there is + ຄຳນາມເອກພົດ

• There is a shop nearby.
• There is one window in the room.

ໃຊ້:

there is + ຄຳນາມນັບບໍ່ໄດ້

• There is some water in the bottle.
• There is a lot of traffic today.

ໃຊ້:

there are + ຄຳນາມພະຫຸພົດ

• There are two shops nearby.
• There are several windows in the room.

ປະໂຫຍກປະຕິເສດ

ໃຊ້:

there is not + ຄຳນາມເອກພົດ ຫຼື ຄຳນາມນັບບໍ່ໄດ້

• There is not a pharmacy nearby.
• There is not much time.

ຮູບແບບຫຍໍ້ແມ່ນ there isn’t.

ໃຊ້:

there are not + ຄຳນາມພະຫຸພົດ

• There are not enough chairs.
• There are not any shops nearby.

ຮູບແບບຫຍໍ້ແມ່ນ there aren’t.

ປະໂຫຍກຄຳຖາມ

ໃຊ້:

Is there + ຄຳນາມເອກພົດ ຫຼື ຄຳນາມນັບບໍ່ໄດ້?

• Is there a bathroom here?
• Is there any coffee left?

ໃຊ້:

Are there + ຄຳນາມພະຫຸພົດ?

• Are there any questions?
• Are there two bedrooms?

ຄຳຕອບສັ້ນ

• Is there a bank nearby? — Yes, there is.
• Is there any milk? — No, there isn’t.
• Are there any tickets left? — Yes, there are.
• Are there many people? — No, there aren’t.

ການໃຊ້ some ແລະ any

ໃຊ້ some ສ່ວນຫຼາຍໃນປະໂຫຍກບອກເລົ່າ.

• There is some bread.
• There are some apples.

ໃຊ້ any ສ່ວນຫຼາຍໃນປະໂຫຍກປະຕິເສດ ແລະ ປະໂຫຍກຄຳຖາມ.

• There isn’t any bread.
• Are there any apples?

ຕົວຢ່າງ

1. There is a supermarket near my house.
2. There are two cats in the garden.
3. There is some coffee in the kitchen.
4. There isn’t a bus stop on this street.
5. There aren’t any clean cups.
6. Is there a hotel near the airport?
7. Are there any messages for me?
8. There is a lot of traffic this morning.
9. There are several books on the desk.
10. There’s a meeting at three o’clock.

ຂໍ້ຍົກເວັ້ນ

ໃນການເວົ້າແບບບໍ່ເປັນທາງການ, there’s ບາງຄັ້ງຖືກໃຊ້ກ່ອນຄຳນາມພະຫຸພົດ.

• There’s two people outside.

ອັນນີ້ພົບທົ່ວໄປໃນການສົນທະນາ, ແຕ່ there are ແມ່ນຮູບແບບມາດຕະຖານ.

• There are two people outside.

ປະໂຫຍກ there is ບໍ່ໄດ້ໝາຍຄວາມດຽວກັນກັບ it is.

• There is a café near the station. — ມີຮ້ານກາເຟຢູ່ໃກ້ສະຖານີ.
• It is near the station. — ຄົນ ຫຼື ສິ່ງທີ່ຮູ້ຈັກກັນດີຢູ່ໃກ້ສະຖານີ.

ໃຊ້ there was ແລະ there were ສຳລັບອະດີດ.

• There was a problem yesterday.
• There were many people at the event.

ຂໍ້ຜິດພາດທົ່ວໄປ

1. ບໍ່ຖືກຕ້ອງ: There are a book on the table. ຖືກຕ້ອງ: There is a book on the table. ຄຳອະທິບາຍ: ໃຊ້ there is ກັບຄຳນາມເອກພົດ.

2. ບໍ່ຖືກຕ້ອງ: There is two chairs in the room. ຖືກຕ້ອງ: There are two chairs in the room. ຄຳອະທິບາຍ: ໃຊ້ there are ກັບຄຳນາມພະຫຸພົດ.

3. ບໍ່ຖືກຕ້ອງ: There are some milk in the fridge. ຖືກຕ້ອງ: There is some milk in the fridge. ຄຳອະທິບາຍ: ໃຊ້ there is ກັບຄຳນາມນັບບໍ່ໄດ້.

4. ບໍ່ຖືກຕ້ອງ: Is there any shops nearby? ຖືກຕ້ອງ: Are there any shops nearby? ຄຳອະທິບາຍ: ໃຊ້ are there ກັບຄຳນາມພະຫຸພົດ.

5. ບໍ່ຖືກຕ້ອງ: There isn’t no food. ຖືກຕ້ອງ: There isn’t any food. ຄຳອະທິບາຍ: ຫຼີກລ່ຽງການປະຕິເສດສອງຊັ້ນ. ໃຊ້ any ຫຼັງ isn’t.

6. ບໍ່ຖືກຕ້ອງ: Are there a bathroom here? ຖືກຕ້ອງ: Is there a bathroom here? ຄຳອະທິບາຍ: ໃຊ້ is there ກັບຄຳນາມເອກພົດ.

7. ບໍ່ຖືກຕ້ອງ: It is a problem with the door. ຖືກຕ້ອງ: There is a problem with the door. ຄຳອະທິບາຍ: ໃຊ້ there is ເພື່ອແນະນຳສິ່ງທີ່ມີຢູ່.

8. ບໍ່ຖືກຕ້ອງ: There have many people outside. ຖືກຕ້ອງ: There are many people outside. ຄຳອະທິບາຍ: ໃຊ້ there are, ບໍ່ແມ່ນ there have, ເພື່ອເວົ້າເຖິງຄົນ ຫຼື ສິ່ງທີ່ປະກົດຢູ່.